Statistical Terms Glossary

Provides all the services offered in the current business portals (MyDPA, e-MIRSAL, e-ATA and MyJAFZA) with a single User Id and Password through a common interface

An XML standard for encoding archival finding aids, maintained by the Library of Congress in partnership with the Society of American Archivists.is a non-proprietary de facto standard for the encoding of finding aids for use in a networked (online) environment. Finding aids are inventories, indexes, or guides that are created by archival and manuscript repositories to provide information about specific collections. While the finding aids may vary somewhat in style, their common purpose is to provide detailed description of the content and intellectual organization of collections of archival materials. EAD allows the standardization of collection information in finding aids within and across repositories.

The use of cryptographic algorithms to encode clear text data (plaintext) into ciphertext to prevent unauthorised observation.

A sequence of processes/functions used to provide a specific service.

Is a term usually used in conjunction with ERP software or an ERP system which is intended to manage all the information and functions of a business or company from shared data stores. An ERP system typically has modular hardware and software units and "services" that communicate on a local area network. The modular design allows a business to add or reconfigure modules (perhaps from different vendors) while preserving data integrity in one shared database that may be centralized or distributed.

A person who has possession of a new enterprise, venture or idea, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. He or she is an ambitious leader who combines land, labour, and capital to often create and market new goods or services. ... [1] The term is a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to the type of personality who is willing to take upon herself or himself a new venture or enterprise and accepts full responsibility for the outcome. Jean-Baptiste Say, a French economist, believed to have coined the word Entrepreneur first in about at 1800. He said an entrepreneur is "one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a contractor, acting as intermediatory between capital and labour"

Is the act of being an entrepreneur, which is a French word meaning "one who undertakes an endeavor". Entrepreneurs assemble resources including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses; however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a firm or large organization it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate venturing, when large entities start spin-off organizations.

Environmentally sound technologies are techniques and technologies capable of reducing environmental damage through processes and materials that generate fewer potentially damaging substances, recover such substances from emissions prior to discharge, or utilize and recycle production residues.
The assessment of these technologies should account for their interaction with the socioeconomic and cultural conditions under which they are implemented

Sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or Business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, Work and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as Electronic Data Interchange and Enterprise Resource Planning. Typically, e-procurement Web sites allow qualified and registered users to look for buyers or sellers of goods and services. Depending on the approach, buyers or sellers may specify costs or invite bids. Transactions can be initiated and completed. Ongoing purchases may qualify customers for volume discounts or special offers. E-procurement software may make it possible to automate some buying and selling. Companies participating expect to be able to control parts inventories more effectively, reduce purchasing agent overhead, and improve manufacturing cycles. E-procurement is expected to be integrated into the wider Purchase-to-pay (P2P) value chain with the trend toward computerized supply chain management

This is a way of counting the number of operators in countries where regional licensing applies. If a country has 10 regions, each with three operators, the number of mobile equivalent operators for that country is three. In countries where there are different numbers of operators in different regions, the largest number of operators in the same market is used to determine the national equivalent.

Standard unit of measurement of telecommunications traffic capacity and usage demand. Used in traffic engineering for throughput and capacity planning. One erlang equals one standard voice circuit in use full time.

The difference between the observed value of an index and its “true” value. Errors maybe random or systematic. Random errors are generally referred to as “errors”. Systematic errors are called “biases”.

Are codes or given set of code words whose relationship to the set of valid codes is known, such that when a transcription error occurs, the relationship is violated and the error is detected with certainty or very high probability.

Data editing is the activity aimed at detecting and correcting errors (logical inconsistencies) in data.

The New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Programme run by NEPAD aims to provide computers and internet access to all schools in Africa within 10 years, and also to set up health points to tie in with Nepad's E-Health program.

The mission of the ESCWA TC is to assist ESCWA member countries and their public and private organizations to acquire the necessary capabilities to accelerate socio-economic development in order to attain technological parity with other nations.

An umbrella term for services on the Internet. E-services include e-commerce transaction services for handling online orders, application hosting by application service providers (ASPs) and any processing capability that is obtainable on the Web.

Is an application specially introduced to the factories within the UAE. Factories owners not only have the latest information regarding industrial promotion but also apply for tax exemption and other industrial
services.

A local area network first described by Metcalfe & Boggs of Xerox PARC in 1976. Specified by DEC, Intel and XEROX (DIX) as IEEE 802.3 and now recognised as the industry standard.

Is the principal financial instrument of the European Union for the implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership activities. EUMEDIS was initiated in the Barcelona declaration in 1995. It is a 31 billion euro program.

Is a submarine communications cable linking Portugal and Spain to South Africa, with connections to several West African countries along the route.

An industry association founded in 1961 and dedicated to the standardization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Consumer Electronics (CE).

Was initiated and improved upon in the wake of the economic successes of the American telecommunications market throughout the 1980s and the 1990s (George 1995), and perceived European regression on economic and technological fronts. In seeking to bring the Information Society and the use of information and communications technology (ICT) to Europe, the European Commission has had been instrumental in opening access and improving whatever existing individual initiatives have had been made by other parties previously (Commission of the European Communities, 2006), and its reach can be very In addition to that, provision of structural funds (EU Committee of the Regions, 2006) have also been used as a means to improve that same access to communication networks in backwater regions of Europe that have otherwise been less integrated into the pan-European polity than their more interconnected counterparts, such as Germany and the Scandinavian nations

The Institute for European Administration offers two unique distance learning programs, one in negotiation techniques, one on the business environment within the EU internal market.

An independent, non-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry (equipment makers and network operators) in Europe, with worldwide projection. ETSI has been successful in standardizing the GSM cell phone system and the TETRA professional mobile radio system.

To provide state-of-the-art Video, Audio, Cable TV and Multimedia Services through differentiated product offerings and superior customer service at affordable prices. Launched in April 2000, Emirates Cable TV & Multimedia (L.L.C), E-Vision, a subsidiary of the dynamic Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, ETISALAT, was created to meet the demand for a superior technology and services. E-Vision decided to launch the first cable TV network in the UAE and offers the ultimate in Entertainment, Information, Education and Interactive Multimedia Services that will be transmitted digitally across the UAE.

Sometimes referred to as Enhanced SMTP, is a definition of protocol extensions to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol standard. The extension format was defined in November 1995 in IETF publication RFC 1869 which established a general structure for all existing and future extensions.

Is a textual data format, with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although XML’s design focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services.

Linked network of intranets or part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company. They may be used to share securely part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners or customers.

A telecommunications service provider owning, as opposed to leasing, networks used to provide telecommunications services.