Statistical Terms Glossary

The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) takes into account whether the environment is conducive for knowledge to be used effectively for economic development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of development of a country or region towards the Knowledge Economy. The KEI is calculated based on the average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on all 4 pillars related to the knowledge economy - economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, the innovation system and ICT

A hub is a centre of activity or interest or a focal point. A knowledge hub, therefore, is a centre or focal point for the exchange of knowledge, support, development and ideas.

The Knowledge Index is the average of the rankings of the performance of a country or region in three areas of the so-called Knowledge Economy, namely, education, innovation and information and communications technology.

Comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organizational processes or practice.

Knowledge Networks is the term given to different types of team or social networks and communities that are recognised, from a KM perspective, to add significant value to the creation, dissemination and application of better knowledge at a much faster rate.

To empower poor and disadvantaged communities through transforming selected existing ICT access points into knowledge hubs of global knowledge networks, providing, developing, organizing, sharing and disseminating knowledge pertinent to these communities.

Is a technology park located 30 kilometres from Muscat and 10 minutes drive from Muscat International Airport. KOM neighbours Rusayl Industrial Estate - the Sultanate's largest industrial park - and Sultan Qaboos University. KOM-based companies vary in size, with organisations employing anything from two people to over 300. They all benefit from a range of core facilities, as well as business support from the Public Establishment for Industrial Estates, which manages the park.

Is an activity through which knowledge (i.e. information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, or members of a family, a community (e.g. Wikipedia) or an organization.

Established in 1989 the Korean Institute of Criminology (KIC) is the only national crime and criminal justice research agency in the Republic of Korea. In 1999, as a member of the Korean Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences, the KIC became an entity within the Office of the Prime Minister.

Is a router that operates at the edge of an MPLS network.When forwarding IP datagrams into the MPLS domain, it uses routing information to determine appropriate labels to be affixed, labels the packet accordingly, and then forwards the labelled packets into the MPLS domain. Likewise, upon receiving a labelled packet which is destined to exit the MPLS domain, the LER strips off the label and forwards the resulting IP packet using normal IP forwarding rules.

The specific path through a network that a datagram follows, based on its MPLS labels.

Layer 2 switching is hardware based, which means it uses the media access control address (MAC address) from the host's network interface cards (NICs) to decide where to forward frames. Switches use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to build and maintain filter tables (also known as MAC address tables). One way to think of a layer 2 switch is as a multiport bridge.

The Transport Layer is a group of methods and protocols within a layered architecture of network components within which it is responsible for encapsulating application data blocks into data units (datagrams, segments) suitable for transfer to the network infrastructure for transmission to the destination host, or managing the reverse transaction by abstracting network datagrams and delivering their payload to an application.

Is a regional organization of Arab states in Southwest Asia, and North and Northeast Africa. It was formed in Cairo on March 22, 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan after 1946), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Yemen joined as a member on May 5, 1945. The Arab League currently has 22 members and four observers. The main goal of the league is to "draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.

Is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of training programs, classroom and online events, e-learning programs, and training content.

1.Telephone line (or communications circuit) that provides a fulltime dedicated connection to a network (such as a wide area network or internet). It acts like a fixed pipeline that carries data from one fixed point to another and makes services like frame-relay possible. Also called leased channel, leased circuit, or private line.2.Telephone line connection with only two end points. A PTP circuit is a direct channel between two specific locations, dedicated to one customer and billed usually at a fixed monthly cost irrespective of the line traffic. Also called point to point circuit, or private circuit.

On the 9th November 2002 Berytech, the first Lebanese technological pole, was inaugurated. Berytech relies on the Lebanese poles of excellence, identifies the promotion of the pole and market survey. Environment and the companies hosted on the site. It coordinates, within a network of clearly identified competences, the functions of economic animation, strategic sectors to promote, and implements a synergy between a high level university.

LIBNOR is a public institution attached to the Ministry of Industry. It was established by a law dated 23/7/1962 as the sole authority to issue, publish and amend Lebanese standards and to give the right to use the Lebanese Conformity Mark (NL Mark).National standards cover all products falling within the agro-food, chemical, construction, mechanical, electrotechnical and electromechanical sectors.

The use of a target company's asset value to finance the debt incurred in acquiring the company.

In financial accounting, a liability is defined as an obligation of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets, provision of services or other yielding of economic benefits in the future.

Is an open consortium of universities, companies and government research laboratories. It creates, collects and distributes speech and text databases, lexicons, and other resources for linguistics research and development purposes. The University of Pennsylvania is the LDC's host institution. The LDC was founded in 1992 with a grant from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), and is partly supported by grant IRI-9528587 from the Information and Intelligent Systems division of the National Science Foundation.

Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computer's processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system.

Is a private, generally non-profit or not-for-profit organization that provides support and/or education for Linux users, particularly for inexperienced users. The term commonly refers to local groups that meet in person, but is also used to refer to online support groups that may have members spread over a very wide area and which do not organize, or which are not based around, physical meetings. Similar organizations such as FreeBSD User Group (BUG) exist, although many LUGs encompass FreeBSD and other free Unix-based operating systems.

<networking> (LAN) A data communications network which is geographically limited (typically to a 1 km radius) allowing easy interconnection of terminals, microprocessors and computers within adjacent buildings. Ethernet and FDDI are examples of standard LANs. Because the network is known to cover only a small area, optimisations can be made in the network signal protocols that permit data rates up to 100Mb/s.

Is the regulatory process of allowing multiple telecommunications operators to use connections from the telephone exchange's central office to the customer's premises. The physical wire connection between customer and company is known as a "local loop", and it is owned by the incumbent local exchange carrier (also referred to as the "ILEC," "local exchange," or in the United States either a "Baby Bell" or an Independent telephone company). To increase competition, other providers are granted unbundled access.