Statistical Terms Glossary

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links devices via a wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually provides a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network.

Pump and dump" is a form of microcap stock fraud that involves artificially inflating the price of an owned stock through false and misleading positive statements, in order to sell the cheaply purchased stock at a higher price. Once the operators of the scheme "dump" their overvalued shares, the price falls and investors lose their money. Stocks that are the subject of pump-and-dump schemes are sometimes called "chop stocks.

The purchasing power parity (PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their purchasing power. t is based on the law of one price: the theory states that, in ideally efficient markets, identical goods should have only one price.

Using the Internet to deliver specific but unrequested information to selected e-mail addresses.

Is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a momentary button to switch from voice reception mode to transmit mode.

Quantitative objectives and requirements for product quality, service quality, and process performance. Quantitative process performance objectives include quality; however, to emphasize the importance of quality in the CMMI Product Suite, the phrase “quality and process performance objectives” is used. “Process performance objectives” are referenced in maturity level 3; the term “quality and process performance objectives” implies the use of quantitative data and is only used in maturity levels 4 and 5.

Refers to a program for the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a project, service, or facility to ensure that standards of quality are being met.

(ITIL) The Process responsible for ensuring that the Quality of a product, Service or Process will provide its intended Value.
(CMMI) A planned and systematic means for assuring management that the defined standards, practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied.
(ISACA) A planned and systematic pattern of all actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item or product conforms to established technical requirements. (ISO/IEC 24765)

A property of a product or service by which its quality will be judged by relevant stakeholders. Quality attributes are characterizable by some appropriate measure. Quality attributes are non-functional, such as timeliness, throughput, responsiveness, security, modifiability, reliability, and usability. They have a significant influence on the architecture.

Is a “method to transform user demands into design quality, to deploy the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process.

(ITIL) The set of Processes responsible for ensuring that all work carried out by an Organisation is of a suitable Quality to reliably meet Business Objectives or Service Levels.
(ISACA) A system that outlines the policies and procedures necessary to improve and control the various processes that will ultimately lead to improved enterprise performance.

Refers to resource reservation control mechanisms rather than the achieved service quality. Quality of service is the ability to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows, or to guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow.

Managing a project or work group using statistical and other quantitative techniques to build an understanding of the performance or predicted performance of processes in comparison to the project’s or work group’s quality and process performance objectives, and identifying corrective action that may need to be taken. Statistical techniques used in quantitative management include analysis, creation, or use of process performance models; analysis, creation, or use of process performance baselines; use of control charts; analysis of variance, regression analysis; and use of confidence intervals or prediction intervals, sensitivity analysis, simulations, and tests of hypotheses.

Desired target value expressed using quantitative measures.

See ('quantitative management.')

Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is an automatic repeat request (ARQ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interface. Most wireless air interfaces are tuned to provide 1% packet loss, and most Vocoders are mutually tuned to sacrifice very little voice quality at 1% packet loss. However, 1% packet loss is intolerable to all variants of TCP, and so something must be done to improve reliability for voice networks carrying TCP/IP data.

The most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on; an integrated circuit memory chip allows information to be stored or accessed in any order and all storage locations are equally accessible.

Also referred to as ADSL2 or G.DMT.bis. It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2 transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 Kbit/s upstream). Actual speeds may reduce depending on line quality - usually the most significant factor in line quality is the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's equipment. reach extended : Increases the range of the DSL service enabling the link to work at a distance of 7 kilometers, or 23000 f.

Presented to HM King Abdullah II in October 1999, the REACH report laid out a clear plan of action to bolster the country's nascent IT sector and maximize its ability to compete in local, regional, and global markets.

Real-time communications (RTC) is any mode of telecommunications in which all users can exchange information instantly or with negligible latency. In this context, the term "real-time" is synonymous with "live."

An act of booting a computer system again.

A regional Internet registry (RIR) is an organization overseeing the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. Resources include IP addresses (both IPv4 and IPv6) and autonomous system numbers (for use in BGP routing).

A person who is formally entered (along with others) in a register (and who obtains certain rights thereby).

A domain name registrar is an organization or commercial entity, accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) or by a national country code top-level domain (ccTLD) authority, to manage the reservation of Internet domain names in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries and offer such services to the public.

A mechanism for registering metadata about digital entities and storing metadata schemas, and which provides an ability to search the registry for persistent identifiers based on the use of the metadata schemas.

Basic Access refers to people’s ability to access goods, services and activities that society considers particularly important (also called essential or lifeline). Basic Mobility refers to physical travel that provides Basic Access.

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA or Triple A) management for users who connect and use a network service. RADIUS was developed by Livingston Enterprises, Inc. in 1991 as an access server authentication and accounting protocol and later brought into the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards.