Statistical Terms Glossary

Voting that takes place by electronic means from any location.

Ability to log on to a network, or to another computer over a network. All internet access is remote access because data is downloaded from a remote server.

Technical policy documents approved by the IETF which are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/rfc.html.

Is an invitation for suppliers, often through a bidding process, to submit a proposal on a specific commodity or service. A bidding process is one of the best methods for leveraging a company's negotiating ability and purchasing power with suppliers. The RFP process brings structure to the procurement decision and allows the risks and benefits to be identified clearly upfront.[1] The RFP purchase process is lengthier than others, so it is used only where its many advantages outweigh any disadvantages and delays caused. The added benefit of input from a broad spectrum of functional experts ensures that the solution chosen will suit the company's requirements.

Is a standard business process whose purpose is to invite suppliers into a bidding process to bid on specific products or services. An RFQ typically involves more than the price per item. Information like payment terms, quality level per item or contract length are possible to be requested during the bidding process.

The subsequent sale or lease on a commercial basis, with or without adding value, of a service provided by a facilities-based telecommunications operator. A resale service supplier or reseller is a company that leases bulk-rated plant (e.g. transmission) capacity from facilities-based carriers and uses that capacity to provide services to individual customers or groups of customers at prices high enough to make a profit yet sufficiently below the equivalent rates of the facilities-based carriers to attract customers.

Refers to "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

Scientific and technological innovation may be considered as the transformation of an idea into a new or improved product introduced on the market, into a new or improved operational process used in industry and commerce, or into a new approach to a social service. The word “innovation” can have different meanings in different contexts and the one chosen will depend on the particular objectives of measurement or analysis.

Research and development expenditure is the money spent on creative work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge and the use of this knowledge to devise new applications.

The Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Programme aims at strengthening the links between the research sector and the industry while enhancing the innovation and technology transfer culture. In addition, RDI seeks to support the progressive integration of Egypt into the European Research Area. Funded by the European Commission with a grant of €11 million over a period of three years, the RDI Programme is managed by a Project Implementation Office set-up by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

Described in RFC 2205, is a Transport layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. "RSVP does not transport application data but is rather an Internet control protocol, like ICMP, IGMP, or routing protocols" - RFC 2205. RSVP provides receiver-initiated setup of resource reservations for multicast or unicast data flows with scaling and robustness. RSVP can be used by either hosts or routers to request or deliver specific levels of quality of service (QoS) for application data streams or flows. RSVP defines how applications place reservations and how they can relinquish the reserved resources once the need for them has ended. RSVP operation will generally result in resources being reserved in each node along a path.

Results-based management is a life-cycle approach to management that integrates strategy, people, resources, processes and measurements to improve decision-making, transparency, and accountability. The approach focuses on achieving outcomes, implementing performance measurement, learning and changing, and reporting performance.

The amount, expressed as a percentage, that is earned on a company's total capital calculated by dividing the total capital into earnings before interest, taxes, or dividends are paid).

(1) A service offered by mobile communications network operators which allows a subscriber to use his/her radio or phone while in the service area of another carrier. Roaming requires an agreement between operators of technologically compatible systems in individual markets to permit customers of either operator to access the other’s systems.
(2) Travelling outside a carrier’s local area.

Possesses high success probability with low message overhead.

In the broadest sense, any communications equipment that forwards information on a connectionless basis. Typically, routers are special purpose computers, which operate at Layer 3 of the OSI reference model and forward information based on a Layer 3 address which has network wide significance. For example, Internet routers forward IP packets based on their destination addresses. Routers operate without using connections, as opposed to switches which do establish connections.

The IDN WG's comparison document [IDNComp] describes three potential main architectures for IDN: arch-1 (just send binary), arch-2 (send binary or ACE), and arch-3 (just send ACE). RACE is an ACE, called
Row-based ACE or RACE, that can be used with protocols that match arch-2 or arch-3. RACE specifies an ACE format as specified in ace-1 in [IDNComp]. Further, it specifies an identifying mechanism for ace-2 in
[IDNComp], namely ace-2.1.1 (add hopefully-unique legal tag to the beginning of the name part).In formal terms, RACE describes a character encoding scheme of the ISO 10646 [ISO10646] coded character set and the rules for using that scheme in the DNS.

Is a type of parabolic antenna designed to receive microwaves from communications satellites, which transmit data transmissions or broadcasts, such as satellite television.

Telephone communication through geo-stationary satellites, no land-based relay stations.

Coding and decoding method for videos which supports the access to several picture qualities in a single data stream.

Is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines (science and technology studies) and government offices.

Including new scientific and communications infrastructure, centres of research excellence, programs to assist business to become more innovative and projects to maintain and build a skilled and creative labour force.

A fiber-optic transmission system for high-speed digital traffic. Employed by telephone companies and common carriers, speeds range from 51 Mbps to 40 Gbps. An international digital telecommunications network hierarchy which standardises transmission around the bit rate of 51.84 megabits per second.

A programme that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found.