Statistical Terms Glossary

Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Fraud usually consists of a misrepresentation, concealment, or nondisclosure of a material fact, or at least misleading conduct, devices, or contrivance.

A US FCC designation for any carrier or licensee whose wireless network is connected to the public switched telephone network and/or is operated for profit.

An architecture for providing high security for transactions over the Internet. It makes extensive use of security certificates and portable digital tokens which store KEYS and carry out ENCRYPTION and DECRYPTION.

Is a standard protocol that defines how webserver software can delegate the generation of webpages to a console application. Such applications are known as CGI scripts; they can be written in any programming language, although scripting languages are often used

A method of communicate and exchange data among institutions and individuals where through phone call we can penetrate to information technology community by wired and wireless, satellite…etc, services.

Is a system of providing television to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through fixed optical fibers or coaxial cables as opposed to the over-the-air method used in traditional television broadcasting (via radio waves) in which a television antenna is required. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephony, and similar non-television services may also be provided

A telecentre is a public place where people can access computers, the Internet, and other digital technologies that enable them to gather information, create, learn, and communicate with others while they develop essential digital skills. While each telecentre is different, their common focus is on the use of digital technologies to support community, economic, educational, and social development—reducing isolation, bridging the digital divide, promoting health issues, creating economic opportunities, and reaching out to youth for example

A compact disk that is used with a computer (rather than with an audio system); a large amount of digital information can be stored and accessed but it cannot be altered by the user.

Two or more services are complementary when both or all are required to obtain the final combined or bundled service that the end-user wants. For example, car bodies, car engines and car tires are complementary - all must be combined to obtain the final service that consumers want (in this case car transportation services).

Cover computer data and news-related service transactions between residents and non-residents. Included are: data bases, such as development, storage, and on-line time series, data processing, hardware consultancy, software implementation, maintenance and repair of computers and peripheral equipment.

It provide assistance to users of micro-computers and standard software packages, control and operate computers and peripheral equipment and carry out limited programming tasks connected with the installation and maintenance of computer hardware and software.

An organisation formed by DARPA in November 1988 in response to the needs exhibited during the Internet worm incident. The CERT charter is to work with the Internet community to facilitate its response to computer security events involving Internet hosts, to take proactive steps to raise the community's awareness of computer security issues and to conduct research targeted at improving the security of existing systems. CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for responding to computer security incidents, product vulnerability assistance, technical documents and tutorials.

Is a branch of forensic science pertaining to legal evidence found in computers and digital storage media.

Is the use of computer technology for the design of objects, real or virtual.

Computer-automated system in which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized; functional areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, and distribution are linked through the computer with factory floor functions such as materials handling and management, providing direct control and monitoring of all process operations.

A technique for using computers to help with one or more phases of the software life-cycle, including the systematic analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them.

Is a form of translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer software designed to support and facilitate the translation process

The use of computers as a key component of the educational environment

The automation of machine tools that are operated by abstractly programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to manually controlled via handwheels or levers, or mechanically automated via cams alone.

Form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise.

A range of software systems that allow users to interact and share data. social network : a social structure made of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes," which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.

Usually defined as the activity of using and developing computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology.

A conceptual model represents 'concepts' (entities) and relationships between them. Conceptual modelling is a well known technique of data modelling, together with logical modelling and physical modelling. The conceptual model is explicitly chosen to be independent of implementation details, such as concurrency or data storage. The aim of conceptual model is to express the meaning of terms and concepts used by domain experts to discuss the problem, and to find the correct relationships between different concepts.

Number of lines not activated in the switch.

The establishment of the Consultative Committee was approved during the Commission's 21st Ministerial Session on May 11, 2001 by Resolution 225 (XXI). The Committee shall be composed of experts from public institutions, private sectors, civil society and research centres, and shall have the following duties:
To advise on the endeavors exerted by member countries with a view to acquiring modern technology and support such endeavors with regional and international expertise, with particular reference to information and communications technology, biotechnology and new materials technology;
To propose ways of integrating and coordinating efforts aimed at transferring, adapting and mastering this technology, and promoting regional cooperation in these fields;
To advise on priorities related to the programmes of work and medium-term plans adopted by UN-ESCWA in the fields of developing scientific and technological capabilities and technological innovation;
To follow up on the resolutions and recommendations of international and regional conferences relating to the development of scientific and technological capabilities and technological innovation, which are attended by member countries; and to coordinate efforts related to the implementation of such resolutions and recommendations

A collection of procedures used to manage work flow in a collaborative environment. In a CMS, data can be defined as almost anything - documents, movies, pictures, phone numbers, scientific data, etc. CMSs are frequently used for storing, controlling, revising, and publishing documentation. Content that is controlled is industry-specific. (Entertainment content differs from the design of a fighter jet). There are various terms for systems (related processes) that do this. Examples include: Web Content Management, Digital Asset Management, Digital Records Management, Electronic Content Management (and others). Synchronization of intermediate steps, and collation into a final product are common goals of each.