Skills across borders: a comparative analysis of labour markets in Qatar and Tunisia
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Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2025/Policy brief.1 | February 2025
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- HEALTH POLICY
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- PUBLIC WELFARE
- RIGHT TO EDUCATION
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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- TRADE STRUCTURE
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- DRINKING WATER
- ELECTRICITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
- EVALUATION
- FOOD IMPORTS
- MASS MEDIA
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- MIDDLE EAST
- NATURAL GAS
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- PROGRAMME PLANNING
- PUBLIC HEALTH
- RESEARCH
- WAGE POLICY
- CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- COMPETITIVENESS
- DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
- DESERTIFICATION
- DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
- DEVELOPMENT PLANS
- DIVORCE STATISTICS
- EQUITY
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES
- FORCED MIGRATION
- GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
- HUMAN SECURITY
- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
- LABOUR STATISTICS
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- PROTEST MOVEMENTS
- REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- REVOLUTIONS
- SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATION
- TAXATION
- URBAN POPULATION
- WAR
- WOMEN IN POLITICS
- WOMEN WORKERS
- WORKFORCE
- ACCESS TO INFORMATION
- AGE DISTRIBUTION
- AQUIFERS
- BANKING
- CHILD MORTALITY
- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
- COMPETITION
- DISABILITY STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC FORECASTS
- ECONOMIC TRENDS
- EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
- ENERGY CONSERVATION
- FERTILITY RATE
- FINANCIAL POLICY
- FINANCIAL STATISTICS
- ILLITERACY
- INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
- INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SITUATION
- IRRIGATION
- LABOUR
- LABOUR MOBILITY
- MEDICAL ASPECTS
- OLD AGE BENEFITS
- PAMPHLETS
- PRICES
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- RESOURCES MOBILIZATION
- RIVER BASINS
- SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
- TEMPERATURE
- URBAN PLANNING
- WAR ON GAZA
- WEALTH
- ADVISORY SERVICES
- AGRICULTURAL TRADE
- BUDGET
- CENSUSES
- CIVIL WAR
- COMMODITY TRADE
- COMPETITION POLICY
- COSTS
- CRIMINAL STATISTICS
- CROPS
- CULTURAL STATISTICS
- DATABASES
- DEMOCRATIZATION
- DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
- DIRECTORIES
- Gender and Renewable Energy
- GULF STATES
- INCOME
- INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
- INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES
- LAND DEGRADATION
- LOGISTICS
- MANPOWER STATISTICS
- MIGRANT WORKERS
- MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- MONETARY POLICY
- NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- RISK
- RULES AND REGULATIONS
- SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
- TOURISM
- WAGES
- WAR VICTIMS
- WATER RIGHTS
- YOUTH POLICY
- ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
- AGRICULTURAL TRAINING
- BASIC EDUCATION
- BASIC NEEDS
- CONSUMER PROTECTION
- CONSUMPTION
- CYBERNETICS
- DEMOCRACY
- DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING
- DESALINATION
- DEVELOPING AREAS
- ECONOMICS
- EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
- EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
- ENERGY SERVICES
- FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
- FOOD POLICY
- FOOD SHORTAGE
- FOSSIL FUELS
- HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
- HOUSING CENSUSES
- INDEXES
- LABOUR LAW
- LAND USE
- LAND USE STATISTICS
- LAW
- LAW REFORM
- LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
- NATIONALITY
- NORTH AFRICA
- POPULATION CENSUSES
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- PUBLIC INFORMATION
- SEXUAL HARASSMENT
- SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL CHANGE
- SOCIAL ISOLATION
- STOCK MARKETS
- SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
- TARIFFS
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- TRADE
- WORK PROGRAMME
- AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTION
- AGE GROUPS
- AGENDA
- COMMUNICATION POLICY
- CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
- CYBER SECURITY
- DATA PROTECTION
- DATA QUALITY
- DEBT MANAGEMENT
- DOMESTIC WORKERS
- DROUGHT CONTROL
- ECONOMIC RECESSION
- ECONOMIC REFORM
- ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
- EMPLOYMENT POLICY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- FEASIBILITY STUDIES
- FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
- FINANCIAL SERVICES
- FOOD PRODUCTION
- FREE TRADE
- GOVERNMENT SPENDING POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
- INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY
- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES
- INTERNAL MIGRATION
- INTERNATIONAL DAYS
- INVESTMENT POLICY
- JUDICIAL SYSTEM
- LABOUR POLICY
- LAND
- LIFE EXPECTANCY
- MARINE ENVIRONMENT
- MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
- MIGRANTS
- MULTIDIMENTIONAL POVERTY INDEX
- OPEN SPACES
- PENSION SCHEMES
- PETROLEUM PRICES
- POPULATION SIZE
- PRECIPITATION
- QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
- QUESTIONNAIRES
- RECYCLING
- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
- RESOURCES ALLOCATION
- RURAL POPULATION
- SANCTIONS
- SECONDARY EDUCATION
- SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY
- SOCIAL INDICATORS
- STANDARDS
- TEXTILE INDUSTRY
- TRADE FINANCING
- TRADE IN SERVICES
- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
- TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE
- TRANSPORT STATISTICS
- UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
- VIRUSES
- WESTERN ASIA
- AFRICA
- AGRICULTURAL LAND
- AIDS
- APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
- ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
- BUILDINGS
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- CIVIL REGISTRATION
- COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
- CULTURAL ASPECTS
- DECENTRALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT
- DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
- DIGITAL CONTENT
- DIGITAL ECONOMY
- DISABILITY BENEFITS
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- DROUGHT
- ECONOMIC COOPERATION
- ECONOMIC PLANNING
- EDUCATIONAL POLICY
- ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- EQUAL PAY
- EUROPE
- EXTERNAL DEBT
- FAMILY
- FOOD PRICES
- FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
- FORESTS
- FUELS
- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- HEALTH ECONOMICS
- HEALTH INDICATORS
- HIGHER EDUCATION
- IMMIGRANTS
- INCENTIVES
- INCOME POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- INFANT MORTALITY
- INFORMATION
- ISRAEL
- JUDGES
- LEADERSHIP
- MALNUTRITION
- MARINE RESOURCES CONSERVATION
- MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
- MICROCREDIT
- MINING
- MORTALITY
- NATURAL DISASTERS
- NATURE CONSERVATION
- OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
- PALESTINE QUESTION
- PALESTINIANS
- PARTICIPANTS
- PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
- POLITICAL CORRUPTION
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- PROJECT MONITORING
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- QUALITY OF LIFE
- RAINWATER
- RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS
- RIGHT TO FOOD
- ROAD TRANSPORT
- RURAL WOMEN
- SAFETY REGULATIONS
- SKILLED WORKERS
- SLUMS
- SOCIAL GROUPS
- SOLIDARITY
- STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
- SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- SYRIANS
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- TRAFFIC SAFETY
- TRANSPORT AGREEMENTS
- TREATIES
- UKRAINE
- VIOLENT DEATHS
- VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
- VOCATIONAL TRAINING
- WATER POLLUTION
- WIND POWER
- WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
- WORKING CONDITIONS
- WORK ORGANIZATION
- ADULT EDUCATION
- AIR TRANSPORT
- ARID ZONES
- BANKS
- BIOMASS ENERGY
- BRAIN DRAIN
- BROADBAND
- BUILDING STANDARDS
- CAPITAL MARKETS
- CAREGIVERS
- CENTRES
- CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
- CIVIL SERVICE
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
- COMMODITIES
- COMPUTER CRIMES
- COMPUTER SECURITY
- COST ANALYSIS
- COUNTRY PROGRAMMES
- CRISIS MANAGEMENT
- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
- DISTANCE EDUCATION
- EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
- EAST ASIA
- ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
- ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE
- ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
- ECONOMY MEASURES
- EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
- ENERGY SECURITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
- ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY
- EXPORT DEVELOPMENT
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- FACTORIES
- FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- FISHERIES
- FOOD INDUSTRY
- FOOD SUPPLY
- FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
- GOODS
- HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
- INFORMATION EXCHANGE
- INFORMATION SERVICES
- INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
- INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
- INTERNATIONAL LAW
- KNOW-HOW
- LABOUR MOVEMENTS
- LABOUR SUPPLY
- LAND RIGHTS
- LANGUAGES
- LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
- LIQUIDITY
- LITERACY
- LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
- MALARIA
- MARINE POLLUTION
- MARITIME TRANSPORT
- MATERNAL MORTALITY
- MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
- NATIONAL INCOME
- NEIGHBOURING STATES
- NUTRITION
- OPEN GOVERNMENT
- ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM
- PENSIONS
- PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
- PHOSPHATES
- PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
- PRIMARY EDUCATION
- PROJECT EVALUATION
- REFUGEE PLACEMENT
- REGIONAL PLANNING
- REHABILITATION
- RETURN MIGRATION
- ROAD MAPS
- ROADS
- RURAL POVERTY
- SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
- SECURITY MANAGEMENT
- SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
- SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED PERSONS
- SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS
- SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
- TAX REFORM
- TAX REVENUES
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
- TERMINOLOGY
- TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
- TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
- UNITED KINGDOM
- UNITED STATES
- WASTE DISPOSAL
- WASTE TREATMENT
- WATER CONSERVATION
- WATER CONSUMPTION
- WATER QUALITY
- WATER REUSE
- WEATHER FORECASTING
- WEBSITES
- WHEAT
- WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- WOMEN REFUGEES
- WORK AT HOME
- YOUNG WORKERS
- YOUTH HEALTH
- YOUTH SERVICES
- ADMINISTRATION
- ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS
- ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
- AGE
- AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES
- AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
- AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORTS
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
- AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
- ANTITRUST LAW
- ARAB STUDIES
- ART WORKS
- AUSTRALIA
- AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
- BASELINES
- BIOCLIMATOLOGY
- BIOGAS
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
- BLOCKADE
- BRAZIL
- BUDGETING
- BUSINESS CYCLES
- CANADA
- CARE ECONOMY
- CEMENT INDUSTRY
- CHEMICALS
- CHILD ABUSE
- CHILD CARE
- CHILD HEALTH
- CHILD LABOUR
- CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- CIVILIAN PERSONS
- CLIMATIC ZONES
- COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- COMPETITION LAW
- CONGO
- CONTINUING EDUCATION
- CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
- COOLING
- COPYRIGHT
- CORPORATE CORRUPTION
- COST OF LIVING INDICES
- CROP YIELDS
- CULTURAL PLURALISM
- CURRENCY INSTABILITY
- CUSTOMS UNIONS
- DAIRY INDUSTRY
- DAMAGES
- DATABASE MANAGEMENT
- DATA MODELLING
- DATA PROCESSING
- DEBT CONVERSIONS
- DEBT RESTRUCTURING
- DEFINITION
- DEVALUATION
- DEVELOPMENT MODELS
- DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- DISTRIBUTION
- DOCUMENTS
- DRIVING PERMITS
- ECOLOGY
- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
- ECONOMIC GAP
- ECONOMIC STABILIZATION
- EDUCATIONAL REFORM
- EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
- EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
- ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
- EMIGRATION
- ENERGY
- ENERGY CONVERSION
- ENERGY PLANNING
- ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
- ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- ETHNIC CONFLICT
- EUROPEAN FEDERATION
- EXPORT PROCEDURES
- FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
- FEMINISM
- FOOD PREPARATION
- FOOD PRESERVATION
- FOOD WASTE
- FORCED MARRIAGE
- FRANCE
- FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
- FUNDS
- FUTURE STUDIES
- GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- GLASS INDUSTRY
- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
- GLOBAL WARMING
- GLOSSARIES
- GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
- GROUP CONFLICT PREVENTION
- HEALTH PERSONNEL
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES
- HEALTH STANDARDS
- HEATING
- HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
- HOUSEHOLD SIZE
- HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
- IMMIGRATION
- INDIA
- INDUSTRIALIZATION
- INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION
- INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- INFORMATION NETWORKS
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- INLAND TRANSPORT
- INTERCOMMUNAL NEGOTIATIONS
- INTEREST RATES
- INTERNAL SECURITY
- INTERNATIONAL DECADES
- INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
- ISLAMIC ETHICS
- ISLAMIC LAW
- JOB VACANCIES
- KENYA
- LABELLING
- LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
- LATIN AMERICA
- LEBANON SITUATION
- LIGHTING
- LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE
- MADAGASCAR
- MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
- MARKETING
- MATERNAL WELFARE
- MEMBERS
- MICRO-ECONOMICS
- MIDDLE CLASS
- MILITARY EXPENDITURES
- MINORITIES
- MONEY
- MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
- MUSLIM WOMEN
- NATIONAL BUDGETS
- NATIONAL SECURITY
- NILE RIVER
- NON-STATE ACTORS
- OBESITY
- OCCUPATIONS
- OCEANS
- OLIVE OIL
- ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- PATENTS
- PENSION FUNDS
- PHYSICAL PLANNING
- PILOT PROJECTS
- POLICE
- POLLUTION CONTROL
- POPULATION COMPOSITION
- POPULATION POLICY
- PRIVATIZATION
- PRODUCTIVE AGEING
- PROGRAMME BUDGETING
- PROJECT ACTIVITIES
- PROJECT FINANCE
- PUBLIC INVESTMENT
- PUBLIC POLICY
- PURCHASING POWER
- RADICALISM
- REFUGEE-RECEIVING COUNTRIES
- REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
- REGIONAL SECURITY
- RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS
- REPORTING PROCEDURES
- RESTRICTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES
- RETIREMENT
- RIGHT TO HEALTH
- RIGHT TO WORK
- RISK MANAGEMENT
- RIVERS
- ROAD NETWORKS
- ROAD TRAFFIC
- RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION
- SANITARY FACILITIES
- SATELLITES
- SCHOOLS
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
- SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION
- SECTORAL PLANNING
- SEWAGE
- SEWAGE DISPOSAL
- SEX DISTRIBUTION
- SINGAPORE
- SOCIAL CONFLICT
- SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
- SOCIAL PROBLEMS
- SOCIAL STATUS
- SOCIAL VALUES
- SOLAR HEATING
- SOUTH ASIA
- SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS
- SPECIAL EDUCATION
- STANDARD OF LIVING
- STRATEGIC MATERIALS
- STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
- SURFACE WATERS
- SURVIVORS BENEFITS
- TAX ADMINISTRATION
- TAX COLLECTION
- TEACHING
- TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
- TERMS OF REFERENCE
- THERMAL ENERGY
- TIME MANAGEMENT
- TOLERANCE
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- SOIL MANAGEMENT
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- SPECIFICATIONS
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- STAFFING
- STANDARDIZATION
- STATES
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- URBAN SETTLEMENTS
- URBAN TRAFFIC
- USE STUDIES
- VALUE CHAINS
- VEGETABLES
- VENTURE CAPITAL
- VOCABULARY
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- WASTES
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- WATER LEVEL
- WATER POLLUTANTS
- WEATHER
- WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
- WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS
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- WORKERS' RIGHTS
- WORKING GROUPS
- WORK LIFE BALANCE
- YEMEN SITUATION
- YOUNG ADULTS
- YOUNG WOMEN
- YOUTH LEADERS
- YOUTH MOVEMENTS
- Zakat
Social and solidarity economy as an engine for socioeconomic inclusion
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Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2024/Policy brief.10 | December 2024
Study on technology transfer, economic models and successes in the Arab countries
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Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/ICTD/2012/Technical Paper.1 | January 2012