Annual Digest of Social Protection Reforms in the Arab Region, 2024
Publication
Flagship publications | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2025/4 | May 2025
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Publications
Focus areas
- 2030 Agenda
- Climate change
- Debt and fiscal policy
- Financing for development
- Gender equality
- Governance & enabling environment
- Inclusive development
- Future of employment
- Macroeconomics
- Natural resource sustainability
- Population dynamics & migration
- Resilient development & conflict prevention
- Statistics
- Technology & innovation
- Trade & regional connectivity
SDGs
- Agenda 2030
- Goal 1: No Poverty
- Goal 2: Zero Hunger
- Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
- Goal 4: Quality Education
- Goal 5: Gender Equality
- Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
- Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
- Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
- Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities
- Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Goal 12: Responsible Production and Consumption
- Goal 13: Climate Action
- Goal 14: Life Below Water
- Goal 15: Life On Land
- Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
- Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Initiatives
- Sustainable urban development
- Development challenges
- Addressing multidimensional poverty
- Promoting social justice
- Reforming social protection systems
- Public finance and inclusive fiscal policy
- Social Expenditure Monitor for Arab States
- Women’s rights and gender mainstreaming
- Arab Forum for Sustainable Development
- Governance and institution building
- Support to the Palestinian people
- Financial & macroeconomic statistics for National accounts
- Gender Justice and the Law
- Monitoring money-metric poverty
- Young people
- Arab Financing for Development Gateway
- Enhancing integrated national development planning
- Realizing the rights of persons with disabilities
- Reducing inequalities
- Supporting Least Developed Countries
- Women, peace and security
- Women’s economic empowerment
- Arab Centre for Climate Change Policies
- Arab Financing for Development Scorecard
- Artificial intelligence & big data
- COVID-19 Stimulus Tracker
- Debt Optimization to Enhance Fiscal Space
- Disability Statistics
- Economic Statistics and National Accounts
- Forced displacement
- Innovation policies
- International migration
- Job creation
- Libya Socioeconomic Dialogue
- Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Data
- National Agenda for the Future of Syria Programme
- Older persons
- Partnerships for Agenda 2030
- Preventing Violence Against Women and Girls
- Strengthening transboundary risk mitigation
- Transport and trade connectivity
- Voluntary reporting on the 2030 Agenda
Clusters
Keywords
- (-) SOCIAL POLICY
- (-) WAR VICTIMS
- (-) FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
- ARAB COUNTRIES
- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- STATISTICAL DATA
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- GOVERNANCE
- POVERTY
- SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- GENDER EQUALITY
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- TECHNICAL COOPERATION
- COVID-19
- EMPLOYMENT
- COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
- SOCIAL SECURITY
- EDUCATION
- WOMEN
- ECONOMIC GROWTH
- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
- FOOD SECURITY
- DEVELOPMENT
- LABOUR MARKET
- UNEMPLOYMENT
- CAPACITY BUILDING
- LEBANON
- SOCIAL CONDITIONS
- CONFLICT
- JORDAN
- PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- CONFERENCES
- GOVERNMENT POLICY
- WATER RESOURCES
- ECONOMIC ASPECTS
- EQUALITY
- POPULATION
- DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
- GENDER
- CASE STUDIES
- SOCIAL JUSTICE
- YOUTH
- EGYPT
- GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
- GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- WATER
- ARMED CONFLICTS
- REGIONAL COOPERATION
- HEALTH
- INNOVATIONS
- TUNISIA
- CIVIL SOCIETY
- IRAQ
- WOMEN'S RIGHTS
- AGRICULTURE
- MACROECONOMICS
- MOROCCO
- EMPOWERMENT
- HUMAN RIGHTS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE
- NATURAL RESOURCES
- POVERTY MITIGATION
- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
- FOREIGN TRADE
- INFORMATION SOCIETY
- POLICY MAKING
- SOCIAL ASPECTS
- STATE OF PALESTINE
- E-GOVERNMENT
- EMPLOYMENT CREATION
- ENERGY EFFICIENCY
- GENDER MAINSTREAMING
- PEACE
- SAUDI ARABIA
- YEMEN
- GIRLS
- LEGAL ASPECTS
- MANUALS
- SERIAL PUBLICATIONS
- STATISTICS
- SOCIAL STATISTICS
- ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- EXPORTS
- FISCAL POLICY
- SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
- SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
- DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC STATISTICS
- ENERGY RESOURCES
- INTERNET
- INTRAREGIONAL TRADE
- LAWS AND REGULATIONS
- OMAN
- PRIVATE SECTOR
- TRAINING PROGRAMMES
- WATER MANAGEMENT
- AGEING PERSONS
- ALGERIA
- UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- INCOME DISTRIBUTION
- MAURITANIA
- REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
- WOMEN'S ADVANCEMENT
- WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
- BAHRAIN
- DATA COLLECTION
- DISPLACED PERSONS
- FINANCING
- HEALTH SERVICES
- PEACEBUILDING
- SOCIAL INTEGRATION
- SOMALIA
- TECHNOLOGY
- TRANSPORT
- CITIES
- ECONOMIC POLICY
- GENDER DISCRIMINATION
- IMPORTS
- INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
- LIBYA
- NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
- PRODUCTIVITY
- SUDAN
- DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- JUSTICE
- KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
- POLITICAL CONDITIONS
- QATAR
- REFUGEES
- CLIMATE
- ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
- FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
- GENDER STATISTICS
- GREEN ECONOMY
- HOUSEHOLDS
- INSTITUTION BUILDING
- MIGRATION
- POPULATION GROWTH
- PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
- Social protection
- DEMOGRAPHY
- DIGITAL DIVIDE
- ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- ENVIRONMENT
- HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
- KUWAIT
- WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
- ARABIC LANGUAGE
- FINANCE
- SANITATION SERVICES
- SOCIAL WELFARE
- WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT
- WOMEN'S STATUS
- ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM
- DISABILITY
- HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
- POPULAR PARTICIPATION
- PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
- PUBLIC SECTOR
- RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- RESILIENCE
- URBAN DEVELOPMENT
- URBANIZATION
- DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
- GUIDELINES
- PARTNERSHIP
- REMITTANCES
- RURAL AREAS
- WATER SUPPLY
- DATA ANALYSIS
- DECISION-MAKING
- ENTREPRENEURSHIP
- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
- POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION
- TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL
- TRADE FACILITATION
- TRADE POLICY
- TRADE STATISTICS
- ACTIVITIES
- DEVELOPMENT POLICY
- DJIBOUTI
- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- FERTILITY
- POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
- AGEING
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
- COMOROS
- CULTURE
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
- EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS
- GLOBALIZATION
- HOUSING
- INFORMAL SECTOR
- LIVING CONDITIONS
- MEASUREMENT
- POPULATION DYNAMICS
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
- SHARED WATER RESOURCES
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- DEBT
- ELECTRIC POWER
- EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
- POPULATION TRENDS
- RURAL DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL SURVEYS
- SURVEYS
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
- DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
- DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
- EARLY MARRIAGE
- FINANCIAL ASPECTS
- FINANCIAL CRISIS
- FOOD
- HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
- HOUSING CONDITIONS
- HUNGER
- INVESTMENTS
- SOCIAL SERVICES
- SUBSIDIES
- BIG DATA
- DISCRIMINATION
- FINANCIAL FLOWS
- MILITARY OCCUPATION
- PROGRAMMES OF ACTION
- SANITATION
- TRADE DATA INTERCHANGE
- WATER POLICY
- WOMEN'S HEALTH
- ACCOUNTABILITY
- CHILDREN
- ECONOMIC CRISIS
- ECONOMIC SURVEYS
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
- GROUNDWATER
- INFLATION
- MIGRATION STATISTICS
- MORTALITY STATISTICS
- NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
- PUBLIC SERVICES
- RECOVERY
- SMALL ENTERPRISES
- SOLAR ENERGY
- SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
- TRADE AGREEMENTS
- URBAN AREAS
- VIOLENCE
- WOMEN'S EDUCATION
- WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- CORRUPTION
- DECENT WORK
- ENERGY POLICY
- FRESHWATER
- HEALTH STATISTICS
- HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
- ICT INDICATORS
- MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
- MIGRATION POLICY
- NEW TECHNOLOGIES
- PALESTINE
- PETROLEUM
- POLITICAL ASPECTS
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
- PUBLIC DEBT
- PUBLIC WELFARE
- RECONSTRUCTION
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- TRADE LIBERALIZATION
- VITAL STATISTICS
- ACCESSIBILITY
- AIR POLLUTION
- BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
- ENERGY STATISTICS
- HEALTH CONDITIONS
- HEALTH INSURANCE
- HEALTH POLICY
- HUMAN RESOURCES
- INDUSTRY
- MANUFACTURING
- MARRIAGE STATISTICS
- POLLUTION
- PRODUCTION
- RIGHT TO EDUCATION
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- SOCIAL MEDIA
- SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATION
- STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
- TRADE STRUCTURE
- URBAN ECONOMICS
- BASIC SERVICES
- BUSINESS
- CARE OF AGEING PERSONS
- CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
- DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNMENT
- DRINKING WATER
- ELECTRICITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
- EVALUATION
- FOOD IMPORTS
- LABOUR STATISTICS
- MASS MEDIA
- MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- MIDDLE EAST
- NATURAL GAS
- POLITICAL LEADERS
- PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
- PROGRAMME PLANNING
- PUBLIC HEALTH
- RESEARCH
- WAGE POLICY
- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- COMPETITIVENESS
- DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
- DESERTIFICATION
- DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
- DEVELOPMENT PLANS
- DIVORCE STATISTICS
- EQUITY
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES
- FORCED MIGRATION
- GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
- HUMAN SECURITY
- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- OLD AGE BENEFITS
- POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- PROTEST MOVEMENTS
- REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- RESOURCES MOBILIZATION
- REVOLUTIONS
- SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- TAXATION
- URBAN POPULATION
- WAR
- WOMEN IN POLITICS
- WOMEN WORKERS
- WORKFORCE
- ACCESS TO INFORMATION
- AGE DISTRIBUTION
- AQUIFERS
- BANKING
- CHILD MORTALITY
- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
- COMPETITION
- DISABILITY STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC FORECASTS
- ECONOMIC TRENDS
- EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
- ENERGY CONSERVATION
- FERTILITY RATE
- FINANCIAL POLICY
- FINANCIAL STATISTICS
- ILLITERACY
- INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
- INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SITUATION
- IRRIGATION
- LABOUR
- LABOUR MOBILITY
- MEDICAL ASPECTS
- MIGRANT WORKERS
- PAMPHLETS
- PRICES
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- RIVER BASINS
- SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
- SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
- TEMPERATURE
- URBAN PLANNING
- WAR ON GAZA
- WEALTH
- ADVISORY SERVICES
- AGRICULTURAL TRADE
- BASIC NEEDS
- BUDGET
- CENSUSES
- CIVIL WAR
- COMMODITY TRADE
- COMPETITION POLICY
- COSTS
- CRIMINAL STATISTICS
- CROPS
- CULTURAL STATISTICS
- DATABASES
- DEMOCRATIZATION
- DESALINATION
- DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
- DIRECTORIES
- ENERGY SERVICES
- Gender and Renewable Energy
- GULF STATES
- INCOME
- INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
- INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES
- LAND DEGRADATION
- LOGISTICS
- MANPOWER STATISTICS
- MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- MONETARY POLICY
- NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
- NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- RISK
- RULES AND REGULATIONS
- SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
- TOURISM
- WAGES
- WATER RIGHTS
- YOUTH POLICY
- ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
- AGRICULTURAL TRAINING
- BASIC EDUCATION
- CONSUMER PROTECTION
- CONSUMPTION
- CYBERNETICS
- DEMOCRACY
- DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING
- DEVELOPING AREAS
- ECONOMICS
- EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
- EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
- FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
- FOOD POLICY
- FOOD SHORTAGE
- FOSSIL FUELS
- HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
- HOUSING CENSUSES
- INDEXES
- LABOUR LAW
- LABOUR POLICY
- LAND USE
- LAND USE STATISTICS
- LAW
- LAW REFORM
- LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
- NATIONALITY
- NORTH AFRICA
- POPULATION CENSUSES
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- PUBLIC INFORMATION
- SEXUAL HARASSMENT
- SOCIAL CHANGE
- SOCIAL ISOLATION
- STOCK MARKETS
- SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
- TARIFFS
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- TRADE
- UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
- WORK PROGRAMME
- AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTION
- AGE GROUPS
- AGENDA
- COMMUNICATION POLICY
- CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
- CYBER SECURITY
- DATA PROTECTION
- DATA QUALITY
- DEBT MANAGEMENT
- DISABILITY BENEFITS
- DOMESTIC WORKERS
- DROUGHT CONTROL
- ECONOMIC RECESSION
- ECONOMIC REFORM
- ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
- EDUCATIONAL POLICY
- EMPLOYMENT POLICY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- FEASIBILITY STUDIES
- FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
- FINANCIAL SERVICES
- FOOD PRODUCTION
- FREE TRADE
- GOVERNMENT SPENDING POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
- INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY
- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES
- INTERNAL MIGRATION
- INTERNATIONAL DAYS
- INVESTMENT POLICY
- JUDICIAL SYSTEM
- LAND
- LIFE EXPECTANCY
- MARINE ENVIRONMENT
- MIGRANTS
- MULTIDIMENTIONAL POVERTY INDEX
- OPEN SPACES
- PENSION SCHEMES
- PETROLEUM PRICES
- POPULATION SIZE
- PRECIPITATION
- QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
- QUESTIONNAIRES
- RAINWATER
- RECYCLING
- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
- RESOURCES ALLOCATION
- RURAL POPULATION
- SANCTIONS
- SECONDARY EDUCATION
- SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY
- SOCIAL INDICATORS
- STANDARDS
- TEXTILE INDUSTRY
- TRADE FINANCING
- TRADE IN SERVICES
- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
- TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE
- TRANSPORT STATISTICS
- VIRUSES
- WESTERN ASIA
- AFRICA
- AGRICULTURAL LAND
- AIDS
- APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
- ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
- BUILDINGS
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- CIVIL REGISTRATION
- COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
- COST ANALYSIS
- CULTURAL ASPECTS
- DECENTRALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT
- DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
- DIGITAL CONTENT
- DIGITAL ECONOMY
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- DROUGHT
- ECONOMIC COOPERATION
- ECONOMIC PLANNING
- ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- EQUAL PAY
- EUROPE
- EXTERNAL DEBT
- FAMILY
- FOOD PRICES
- FORESTS
- FUELS
- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- HEALTH ECONOMICS
- HEALTH INDICATORS
- HIGHER EDUCATION
- IMMIGRANTS
- INCENTIVES
- INCOME POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- INFANT MORTALITY
- INFORMATION
- INFORMATION EXCHANGE
- ISRAEL
- JUDGES
- LEADERSHIP
- MALNUTRITION
- MARINE RESOURCES CONSERVATION
- MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
- MICROCREDIT
- MINING
- MORTALITY
- NATURAL DISASTERS
- NATURE CONSERVATION
- OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
- PALESTINE QUESTION
- PALESTINIANS
- PARTICIPANTS
- PENSIONS
- PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
- POLITICAL CORRUPTION
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- PROJECT MONITORING
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- QUALITY OF LIFE
- RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS
- RIGHT TO FOOD
- ROAD TRANSPORT
- RURAL WOMEN
- SAFETY REGULATIONS
- SKILLED WORKERS
- SLUMS
- SOCIAL GROUPS
- SOLIDARITY
- STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
- SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- SYRIANS
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- TRAFFIC SAFETY
- TRANSPORT AGREEMENTS
- TREATIES
- UKRAINE
- VIOLENT DEATHS
- VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
- VOCATIONAL TRAINING
- WATER POLLUTION
- WATER REUSE
- WIND POWER
- WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
- WORKING CONDITIONS
- WORK ORGANIZATION
- ADULT EDUCATION
- AIR TRANSPORT
- ARID ZONES
- BANKS
- BIOMASS ENERGY
- BRAIN DRAIN
- BROADBAND
- BUILDING STANDARDS
- CAPITAL MARKETS
- CAREGIVERS
- CENTRES
- CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
- CIVIL SERVICE
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
- COMMODITIES
- COMPUTER CRIMES
- COMPUTER SECURITY
- COUNTRY PROGRAMMES
- CRISIS MANAGEMENT
- DATA PROCESSING
- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
- DISTANCE EDUCATION
- EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
- EAST ASIA
- ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
- ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE
- ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
- ECONOMY MEASURES
- EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
- ENERGY SECURITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
- ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY
- EXPORT DEVELOPMENT
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- FACTORIES
- FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- FISHERIES
- FOOD INDUSTRY
- FOOD SUPPLY
- FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
- GOODS
- HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
- INFORMATION SERVICES
- INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
- INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
- INTERNATIONAL LAW
- KNOW-HOW
- LABOUR MOVEMENTS
- LABOUR SUPPLY
- LAND RIGHTS
- LANGUAGES
- LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
- LIQUIDITY
- LITERACY
- LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
- MALARIA
- MARINE POLLUTION
- MARITIME TRANSPORT
- MATERNAL MORTALITY
- MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
- NATIONAL INCOME
- NEIGHBOURING STATES
- NUTRITION
- OPEN GOVERNMENT
- ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM
- PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
- PHOSPHATES
- PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
- PRIMARY EDUCATION
- PROJECT EVALUATION
- REFUGEE PLACEMENT
- REGIONAL PLANNING
- REHABILITATION
- RETURN MIGRATION
- ROAD MAPS
- ROADS
- RURAL POVERTY
- SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
- SECURITY MANAGEMENT
- SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
- SEWAGE
- SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED PERSONS
- SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS
- STANDARD OF LIVING
- SURVIVORS BENEFITS
- SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
- TAX REFORM
- TAX REVENUES
- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
- TERMINOLOGY
- TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
- TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
- UNITED KINGDOM
- UNITED STATES
- WASTE DISPOSAL
- WASTE TREATMENT
- WATER CONSERVATION
- WATER CONSUMPTION
- WATER QUALITY
- WEATHER FORECASTING
- WEBSITES
- WHEAT
- WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- WOMEN REFUGEES
- WORK AT HOME
- YOUNG WORKERS
- YOUTH HEALTH
- YOUTH SERVICES
- ADMINISTRATION
- ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS
- ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
- AGE
- AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES
- AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
- AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORTS
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
- AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
- ANTITRUST LAW
- ARAB STUDIES
- ART WORKS
- AUSTRALIA
- AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
- BASELINES
- BIOCLIMATOLOGY
- BIOGAS
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
- BLOCKADE
- BRAZIL
- BUDGETING
- BUSINESS CYCLES
- CANADA
- CARE ECONOMY
- CEMENT INDUSTRY
- CHEMICALS
- CHILD ABUSE
- CHILD CARE
- CHILD HEALTH
- CHILD LABOUR
- CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- CIVILIAN PERSONS
- CLIMATIC ZONES
- COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- COMPETITION LAW
- CONGO
- CONTINUING EDUCATION
- CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
- COOLING
- COPYRIGHT
- CORPORATE CORRUPTION
- COST OF LIVING INDICES
- CROP YIELDS
- CULTURAL PLURALISM
- CURRENCY INSTABILITY
- CUSTOMS UNIONS
- DAIRY INDUSTRY
- DAMAGES
- DATABASE MANAGEMENT
- DATA MODELLING
- DEBT CONVERSIONS
- DEBT RESTRUCTURING
- DEFINITION
- DEVALUATION
- DEVELOPMENT MODELS
- DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- DISTRIBUTION
- DOCUMENTS
- DRIVING PERMITS
- ECOLOGY
- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
- ECONOMIC GAP
- ECONOMIC STABILIZATION
- EDUCATIONAL REFORM
- EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
- EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
- ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
- EMIGRATION
- ENERGY
- ENERGY CONVERSION
- ENERGY PLANNING
- ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
- ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- ETHNIC CONFLICT
- EUROPEAN FEDERATION
- EXPORT PROCEDURES
- FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
- FEMINISM
- FOOD AND NUTRITION
- FOOD PREPARATION
- FOOD PRESERVATION
- FOOD WASTE
- FORCED MARRIAGE
- FRANCE
- FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
- FUNDS
- FUTURE STUDIES
- GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- GLASS INDUSTRY
- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
- GLOBAL WARMING
- GLOSSARIES
- GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
- GROUP CONFLICT PREVENTION
- HEALTH PERSONNEL
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES
- HEALTH STANDARDS
- HEATING
- HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
- HOUSEHOLD SIZE
- HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
- IMMIGRATION
- INDIA
- INDUSTRIALIZATION
- INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION
- INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- INFORMATION NETWORKS
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- INLAND TRANSPORT
- INTERCOMMUNAL NEGOTIATIONS
- INTEREST RATES
- INTERNAL SECURITY
- INTERNATIONAL DECADES
- INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
- ISLAMIC ETHICS
- ISLAMIC LAW
- JOB VACANCIES
- KENYA
- LABELLING
- LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
- LATIN AMERICA
- LEBANON SITUATION
- LIGHTING
- LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE
- MADAGASCAR
- MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
- MARKETING
- MATERNAL WELFARE
- MEMBERS
- METADATA
- MICRO-ECONOMICS
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- COUNTRY AGREEMENTS
- CREDIT
- CROATIA
- CROP ROTATION
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- CULTURAL IDENTITY
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- DATA STORAGE
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- DEATH RATE
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- DRIVING
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- ECONOMIC COUNCILS
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- ENERGY LEGISLATION
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- ENGEL’s LAW
- ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
- ENTERPRISE STATISTICS
- ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
- ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
- ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCING
- ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
- EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
- ESSENTIAL DRUGS
- ESTABLISHMENT
- ESTONIA
- ETHIOPIA
- EUPHRATES RIVER
- EVALUATION RESEARCH
- EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
- EVIDENCE
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- EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
- EXPORT PROMOTION
- EXTENDED FAMILY
- FAMILY ALLOWANCES
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- FEEDSTOCKS
- FERTILITY DECLINE
- FERTILIZATION
- FIELD CROPS
- FINANCIAL INCLUSION
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- FIRE CONTROL
- FISHING
- FISHING EQUIPMENT
- FLEXIBLE HOURS OF WORK
- FLOODS
- FOCAL POINTS
- FOOD AID
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- FOOD HABITS
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- FOOD PROCESSING
- FOOD TRADE
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- FOREIGN POLICY
- FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
- FORESTRY
- FREEDOM
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- FRENCH LANGUAGE
- FRUIT
- FRUIT INDUSTRY
- FRUIT JUICES
- GAS FUELS
- GAS INDUSTRY
- GAS RESERVES
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- GEORGIA
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- GOODS TRANSPORT
- GOVERNMENT BUDGETING
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- GRADUATION
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- GROUP DYNAMICS
- HANDICRAFTS
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- HEALTH INFORMATION
- HEAT
- HEAVY INDUSTRY
- HONG KONG
- HOSPITALS
- HOURS OF WORK
- HOUSING MARKET
- HOUSING NEEDS
- HOUSING SUBSIDIES
- HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES
- HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION
- HUMANITARIAN STANDARDS
- HYDROCARBONS
- HYDROGEN
- HYDROGEN FUELS
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- IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
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- INDONESIA
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- INFORMATICS
- INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS
- INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORKS
- INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
- INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
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- INTERNET PROGRAMMING
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- INVENTORIES
- INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
- INVESTMENT PROMOTION
- IRAQ SITUATION
- IRREGULAR MIGRANTS
- IRRIGATION FARMING
- JAPAN
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- JOB DESCRIPTION
- JORDAN RIVER VALLEY
- JOSOUR
- KAZAKHSTAN
- LABOUR ADMINISTRATION
- LABOUR RELATIONS
- LAND-BASED RESOURCES
- LAND POLICY
- LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
- LARGE ENTERPRISES
- LAUNDERING OF FUNDS
- LAW ENFORCEMENT
- LEGAL SERVICES
- LIBYANS
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- LINEAR PROGRAMMING
- LINGUISTICS
- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
- LIQUID FUELS
- LOANS
- LOCAL LAWS
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- MALI
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- MARKET ACCESS
- MARKETS
- MARKET SHARE
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- MEDITERRANEAN SEA
- MEN
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- NORTH AMERICA
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- OIL INDUSTRIES
- OIL POLLUTION
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- OPEN DATA
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- ORGANIC FARMING
- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
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- OWNERSHIP
- OZONE LAYER
- PACKAGING
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- PARENTS
- PARKS
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- PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- PLURALISM
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- PORT MANAGEMENT
- PORTS
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- POTATOES
- POULTRY
- PRENATAL CARE
- PRICE AND QUANTITY STATISTICS
- PRICE CONTROLS
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- PRICE INDICES
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- PRINCIPLES
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- PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
- PUBLIC GOODS
- PUBLIC OPINION
- PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
- PUBLIC SECTOR STATISTICS
- PURCHASING
- QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- RAILWAY NETWORKS
- RAILWAY TRANSPORT
- RAIN
- RAPE VICTIMS
- RAW MATERIALS
- REAL ESTATE BUSINESS
- REAL PROPERTY
- RECRUITMENT
- REFORMATORIES
- REFUGEE STATUS
- REGIONAL ECONOMICS
- REGIONAL PLANS
- REINTEGRATION
- RELIGIOUS GROUPS
- REMOTE SENSING
- REPATRIATION
- REPORT PREPARATION
- REPUBLIC OF KOREA
- RESERVE CURRENCIES
- RESERVOIRS
- RESOURCES EXPLORATION
- RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT
- RIGHT TO DRINKING WATER
- RIGHT TO OWN PROPERTY
- RULE OF LAW
- RULES OF ORIGIN
- RUNOFF
- RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS
- RURAL DEPOPULATION
- RWANDA
- SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS
- SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
- SCIENTISTS
- SECURITY ASSURANCES
- SEGREGATION
- SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES
- SELF-RELIANCE
- SELF-RULE
- SERBIA
- SERVICE INDUSTRIES
- SEX DIFFERENTIALS
- SHORE PROTECTION
- SIMULATION METHODS
- SMALL FARMS
- SMART SOCIETY
- SOCIAL ACTION
- SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT
- SOCIAL CAPITAL
- SOCIAL CLASSES
- SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- SOCIAL LEGISLATION
- SOCIAL PLANNING
- SOCIAL STRUCTURE
- SOCIAL WORK
- SOIL MANAGEMENT
- SOIL MOISTURE
- SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
- SOUTH SUDAN
- SPECIFICATIONS
- SPORTS
- STAFFING
- STANDARDIZATION
- STATES
- STATISTICAL CAPACITY
- STATISTICAL SERVICES
- STERILIZATION
- STOCKHOLDERS
- STORMS
- SUBSTANTIAL TRANSFORMATION
- SUGAR INDUSTRY
- SUPPORT SERVICES
- SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
- SWEDEN
- SWITZERLAND
- TARGET POPULATION
- TASK FORCES
- TAX DEDUCTIONS
- TAX INCENTIVES
- TAX SYSTEMS
- TEACHERS
- TEACHING METHODS
- TECHNICAL EDUCATION
- TECHNICAL TRAINING
- TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- TELEPHONE SERVICES
- TELEVISION
- TERMS AND PHRASES
- TEXTILES
- THAILAND
- TIME USE STATISTICS
- TOP STATE OFFICIALS
- TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
- TRADE DOCUMENTS
- TRADE EFFICIENCY
- TRADE EXPANSION
- TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
- TRADE RESTRICTIONS
- TRAFFIC FLOW
- TRAFFIC SURVEYS
- TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
- TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- TRANSIT
- TRANSLATION
- TRANSPORT ECONOMICS
- TRANSPORT PLANNING
- TREATY-MONITORING BODIES
- TUBERCULOSIS
- TUNISIANS
- TURKEY
- TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
- UNDEREMPLOYMENT
- UNFAIR COMPETITION
- UNILATERAL COERCIVE MEASURES
- URBAN ENVIRONMENT
- URBAN MANAGEMENT
- URBAN POVERTY
- URBAN RESEARCH
- URBAN SETTLEMENTS
- URBAN TRAFFIC
- USE STUDIES
- VALUE CHAINS
- VEGETABLES
- VENTURE CAPITAL
- VOCABULARY
- VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
- VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
- WASTES
- WATER LEVEL
- WATER POLLUTANTS
- WEATHER
- WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
- WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS
- WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
- WORKERS' RIGHTS
- WORKING GROUPS
- WORK LIFE BALANCE
- YEMEN SITUATION
- YOUNG ADULTS
- YOUNG WOMEN
- YOUTH LEADERS
- YOUTH MOVEMENTS
- Zakat
Social spending, expenditure efficiency and fiscal sustainability: Strategies to rebalance the Kuwait budget
Publication
Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/CL3.SEP/2024/TP.4 | January 2025
Multidimensional poverty in Egypt: an in-depth analysis: Policy brief
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2023/TP.8/Rev.1/Policy brief.1 | December 2024
Multidimensional poverty in Egypt: An in-depth analysis
Publication
Information material | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2023/TP.8/Rev.1 | December 2024
Gaza war: Expected socioeconomic impacts on the State of Palestine
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/UNDP/2024/Policy brief.2 | October 2024
The multidimensional impact of Israeli attacks on Lebanon
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL6.GCP/2024/Policy brief.1 | September 2024
Arab Sustainable Development Report 2024
Publication
Flagship publications | E/ESCWA/CL5.SDGS/2024/1 | July 2024
Gaza war: expected socioeconomic impacts on the State of Palestine
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/UNDP/2024/Policy brief.1 | May 2024
Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2022-2023
Publication
Flagship publications | E/ESCWA/CL3.SEP/2023/4 | April 2024
War on Gaza: twenty-first century's deadliest 100 days?
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL6.GCP/2023/Policy brief.3 | February 2024
Development challenges in Lebanon: the rocky road to reform
Publication
Working papers | E/ESCWA/CL6.GCP/2023/CP.4 | November 2023
The Middle Class in Arab Countries
Publication
Flagship publications | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2023/5 | November 2023
Gaza war: expected socioeconomic impacts on the State of Palestine
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/UNDP/2023/Policy brief.1 | November 2023
War on Gaza: where everyone is left behind
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL2.GPID/2023/Policy brief.5 | November 2023
War on Gaza 2023: an unprecedented and devastating impact
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL6.GCP/2023/Policy brief.1 | October 2023