United States tariff shockwaves: impact on the Arab region
Publication
Policy briefs | E/ESCWA/CL3.SEP/2025/Policy brief.1 | April 2025
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SDGs
- Agenda 2030
- Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
- Goal 4: Quality Education
- Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
- Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
- Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities
- Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Goal 12: Responsible Production and Consumption
- Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Initiatives
- Arab-European Research Network on Disability
- Arab Digital Inclusion Platform
- Arab exports
- Digital Development
- ENACT project
- Enhancing competition and consumer protection laws and policies
- Enhancing integrated national development planning
- Including persons with disabilities in the labour market
- Integrated national financing frameworks
- Reducing inequalities
Clusters
Keywords
- (-) UNITED STATES
- (-) INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
- ARAB COUNTRIES
- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- STATISTICAL DATA
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- GOVERNANCE
- POVERTY
- SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- GENDER EQUALITY
- COVID-19
- TECHNICAL COOPERATION
- EMPLOYMENT
- COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
- EDUCATION
- WOMEN
- ECONOMIC GROWTH
- SOCIAL SECURITY
- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
- FOOD SECURITY
- DEVELOPMENT
- LABOUR MARKET
- CAPACITY BUILDING
- SOCIAL POLICY
- UNEMPLOYMENT
- SOCIAL CONDITIONS
- LEBANON
- CONFLICT
- PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- JORDAN
- CONFERENCES
- GOVERNMENT POLICY
- WATER RESOURCES
- POPULATION
- DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
- ECONOMIC ASPECTS
- EQUALITY
- GENDER
- CASE STUDIES
- SOCIAL JUSTICE
- GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
- YOUTH
- EGYPT
- GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- WATER
- REGIONAL COOPERATION
- ARMED CONFLICTS
- HEALTH
- INNOVATIONS
- TUNISIA
- CIVIL SOCIETY
- WOMEN'S RIGHTS
- IRAQ
- AGRICULTURE
- EMPOWERMENT
- HUMAN RIGHTS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE
- MACROECONOMICS
- NATURAL RESOURCES
- POVERTY MITIGATION
- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
- MOROCCO
- FOREIGN TRADE
- INFORMATION SOCIETY
- POLICY MAKING
- E-GOVERNMENT
- EMPLOYMENT CREATION
- ENERGY EFFICIENCY
- SOCIAL ASPECTS
- STATE OF PALESTINE
- GENDER MAINSTREAMING
- PEACE
- SAUDI ARABIA
- YEMEN
- GIRLS
- SERIAL PUBLICATIONS
- STATISTICS
- LEGAL ASPECTS
- MANUALS
- SOCIAL STATISTICS
- ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- EXPORTS
- FISCAL POLICY
- SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
- DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS
- ENERGY RESOURCES
- INTERNET
- INTRAREGIONAL TRADE
- LAWS AND REGULATIONS
- SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
- ECONOMIC STATISTICS
- PRIVATE SECTOR
- TRAINING PROGRAMMES
- WATER MANAGEMENT
- AGEING PERSONS
- ALGERIA
- OMAN
- REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
- UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- WOMEN'S ADVANCEMENT
- WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
- DISPLACED PERSONS
- HEALTH SERVICES
- INCOME DISTRIBUTION
- PEACEBUILDING
- SOCIAL INTEGRATION
- TECHNOLOGY
- TRANSPORT
- BAHRAIN
- CITIES
- DATA COLLECTION
- ECONOMIC POLICY
- GENDER DISCRIMINATION
- IMPORTS
- INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
- MAURITANIA
- PRODUCTIVITY
- DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- FINANCING
- JUSTICE
- KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
- LIBYA
- NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
- POLITICAL CONDITIONS
- REFUGEES
- SOMALIA
- SUDAN
- CLIMATE
- ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
- FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
- GENDER STATISTICS
- GREEN ECONOMY
- HOUSEHOLDS
- INSTITUTION BUILDING
- MIGRATION
- POPULATION GROWTH
- PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
- QATAR
- Social protection
- DIGITAL DIVIDE
- ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- ENVIRONMENT
- HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
- ARABIC LANGUAGE
- DEMOGRAPHY
- FINANCE
- KUWAIT
- SANITATION SERVICES
- SOCIAL WELFARE
- WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- WOMEN'S STATUS
- YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
- ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM
- DISABILITY
- HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
- POPULAR PARTICIPATION
- PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
- PUBLIC SECTOR
- RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- RESILIENCE
- URBAN DEVELOPMENT
- URBANIZATION
- WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT
- DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
- GUIDELINES
- PARTNERSHIP
- REMITTANCES
- RURAL AREAS
- WATER SUPPLY
- DATA ANALYSIS
- DECISION-MAKING
- ENTREPRENEURSHIP
- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
- POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION
- TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL
- TRADE FACILITATION
- TRADE POLICY
- TRADE STATISTICS
- ACTIVITIES
- DEVELOPMENT POLICY
- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- FERTILITY
- POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
- AGEING
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
- CULTURE
- DJIBOUTI
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
- EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS
- GLOBALIZATION
- HOUSING
- LIVING CONDITIONS
- POPULATION DYNAMICS
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
- SHARED WATER RESOURCES
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- COMOROS
- DEBT
- ELECTRIC POWER
- EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
- MEASUREMENT
- POPULATION TRENDS
- RURAL DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL SURVEYS
- SURVEYS
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
- DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
- DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
- EARLY MARRIAGE
- FINANCIAL ASPECTS
- FINANCIAL CRISIS
- FOOD
- HOUSING CONDITIONS
- HUNGER
- INFORMAL SECTOR
- INVESTMENTS
- SOCIAL SERVICES
- BIG DATA
- DISCRIMINATION
- FINANCIAL FLOWS
- HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
- MILITARY OCCUPATION
- PROGRAMMES OF ACTION
- SANITATION
- SUBSIDIES
- TRADE DATA INTERCHANGE
- WATER POLICY
- WOMEN'S HEALTH
- ACCOUNTABILITY
- CHILDREN
- ECONOMIC CRISIS
- ECONOMIC SURVEYS
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
- GROUNDWATER
- INFLATION
- MIGRATION STATISTICS
- MORTALITY STATISTICS
- NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
- PUBLIC SERVICES
- RECOVERY
- SMALL ENTERPRISES
- SOLAR ENERGY
- SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
- TRADE AGREEMENTS
- URBAN AREAS
- VIOLENCE
- WOMEN'S EDUCATION
- WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- CORRUPTION
- DECENT WORK
- ENERGY POLICY
- FRESHWATER
- HEALTH STATISTICS
- HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
- ICT INDICATORS
- MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
- MIGRATION POLICY
- NEW TECHNOLOGIES
- PALESTINE
- PETROLEUM
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
- PUBLIC DEBT
- RECONSTRUCTION
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- TRADE LIBERALIZATION
- VITAL STATISTICS
- ACCESSIBILITY
- AIR POLLUTION
- BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
- ENERGY STATISTICS
- HEALTH CONDITIONS
- HEALTH INSURANCE
- HEALTH POLICY
- HUMAN RESOURCES
- INDUSTRY
- MANUFACTURING
- MARRIAGE STATISTICS
- POLITICAL ASPECTS
- POLLUTION
- PRODUCTION
- PUBLIC WELFARE
- RIGHT TO EDUCATION
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- SOCIAL MEDIA
- STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
- TRADE STRUCTURE
- URBAN ECONOMICS
- BASIC SERVICES
- BUSINESS
- CARE OF AGEING PERSONS
- DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNMENT
- DRINKING WATER
- ELECTRICITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
- EVALUATION
- FOOD IMPORTS
- MASS MEDIA
- MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- MIDDLE EAST
- NATURAL GAS
- POLITICAL LEADERS
- PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
- PROGRAMME PLANNING
- PUBLIC HEALTH
- RESEARCH
- WAGE POLICY
- CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- COMPETITIVENESS
- DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
- DESERTIFICATION
- DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
- DEVELOPMENT PLANS
- DIVORCE STATISTICS
- EQUITY
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES
- FORCED MIGRATION
- GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
- HUMAN SECURITY
- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
- LABOUR STATISTICS
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- PROTEST MOVEMENTS
- REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- REVOLUTIONS
- SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATION
- TAXATION
- URBAN POPULATION
- WAR
- WOMEN IN POLITICS
- WOMEN WORKERS
- WORKFORCE
- ACCESS TO INFORMATION
- AGE DISTRIBUTION
- AQUIFERS
- BANKING
- CHILD MORTALITY
- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
- COMPETITION
- DISABILITY STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC FORECASTS
- ECONOMIC TRENDS
- EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
- ENERGY CONSERVATION
- FERTILITY RATE
- FINANCIAL POLICY
- FINANCIAL STATISTICS
- ILLITERACY
- INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
- INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SITUATION
- IRRIGATION
- LABOUR
- LABOUR MOBILITY
- MEDICAL ASPECTS
- OLD AGE BENEFITS
- PAMPHLETS
- PRICES
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- RESOURCES MOBILIZATION
- RIVER BASINS
- SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
- TEMPERATURE
- URBAN PLANNING
- WAR ON GAZA
- WEALTH
- ADVISORY SERVICES
- AGRICULTURAL TRADE
- BUDGET
- CENSUSES
- CIVIL WAR
- COMMODITY TRADE
- COMPETITION POLICY
- COSTS
- CRIMINAL STATISTICS
- CROPS
- CULTURAL STATISTICS
- DATABASES
- DEMOCRATIZATION
- DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
- DIRECTORIES
- Gender and Renewable Energy
- GULF STATES
- INCOME
- INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
- INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES
- LAND DEGRADATION
- LOGISTICS
- MANPOWER STATISTICS
- MIGRANT WORKERS
- MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- MONETARY POLICY
- NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- RISK
- RULES AND REGULATIONS
- SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
- TOURISM
- WAGES
- WAR VICTIMS
- WATER RIGHTS
- YOUTH POLICY
- ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
- AGRICULTURAL TRAINING
- BASIC EDUCATION
- BASIC NEEDS
- CONSUMER PROTECTION
- CONSUMPTION
- CYBERNETICS
- DEMOCRACY
- DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING
- DESALINATION
- DEVELOPING AREAS
- ECONOMICS
- EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
- EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
- ENERGY SERVICES
- FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
- FOOD POLICY
- FOOD SHORTAGE
- FOSSIL FUELS
- HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
- HOUSING CENSUSES
- INDEXES
- LABOUR LAW
- LAND USE
- LAND USE STATISTICS
- LAW
- LAW REFORM
- LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
- NATIONALITY
- NORTH AFRICA
- POPULATION CENSUSES
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- PUBLIC INFORMATION
- SEXUAL HARASSMENT
- SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL CHANGE
- SOCIAL ISOLATION
- STOCK MARKETS
- SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
- TARIFFS
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- TRADE
- WORK PROGRAMME
- AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTION
- AGE GROUPS
- AGENDA
- COMMUNICATION POLICY
- CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
- CYBER SECURITY
- DATA PROTECTION
- DATA QUALITY
- DEBT MANAGEMENT
- DOMESTIC WORKERS
- DROUGHT CONTROL
- ECONOMIC RECESSION
- ECONOMIC REFORM
- ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
- EMPLOYMENT POLICY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- FEASIBILITY STUDIES
- FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
- FINANCIAL SERVICES
- FOOD PRODUCTION
- FREE TRADE
- GOVERNMENT SPENDING POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
- INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY
- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES
- INTERNAL MIGRATION
- INTERNATIONAL DAYS
- INVESTMENT POLICY
- JUDICIAL SYSTEM
- LABOUR POLICY
- LAND
- LIFE EXPECTANCY
- MARINE ENVIRONMENT
- MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
- MIGRANTS
- MULTIDIMENTIONAL POVERTY INDEX
- OPEN SPACES
- PENSION SCHEMES
- PETROLEUM PRICES
- POPULATION SIZE
- PRECIPITATION
- QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
- QUESTIONNAIRES
- RECYCLING
- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
- RESOURCES ALLOCATION
- RURAL POPULATION
- SANCTIONS
- SECONDARY EDUCATION
- SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY
- SOCIAL INDICATORS
- STANDARDS
- TEXTILE INDUSTRY
- TRADE FINANCING
- TRADE IN SERVICES
- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
- TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE
- TRANSPORT STATISTICS
- UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
- VIRUSES
- WESTERN ASIA
- AFRICA
- AGRICULTURAL LAND
- AIDS
- APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
- ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
- BUILDINGS
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- CIVIL REGISTRATION
- COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
- CULTURAL ASPECTS
- DECENTRALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT
- DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
- DIGITAL CONTENT
- DIGITAL ECONOMY
- DISABILITY BENEFITS
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- DROUGHT
- ECONOMIC COOPERATION
- ECONOMIC PLANNING
- EDUCATIONAL POLICY
- ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- EQUAL PAY
- EUROPE
- EXTERNAL DEBT
- FAMILY
- FOOD PRICES
- FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
- FORESTS
- FUELS
- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- HEALTH ECONOMICS
- HEALTH INDICATORS
- HIGHER EDUCATION
- IMMIGRANTS
- INCENTIVES
- INCOME POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- INFANT MORTALITY
- INFORMATION
- ISRAEL
- JUDGES
- LEADERSHIP
- MALNUTRITION
- MARINE RESOURCES CONSERVATION
- MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
- MICROCREDIT
- MINING
- MORTALITY
- NATURAL DISASTERS
- NATURE CONSERVATION
- OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
- PALESTINE QUESTION
- PALESTINIANS
- PARTICIPANTS
- PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
- POLITICAL CORRUPTION
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- PROJECT MONITORING
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- QUALITY OF LIFE
- RAINWATER
- RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS
- RIGHT TO FOOD
- ROAD TRANSPORT
- RURAL WOMEN
- SAFETY REGULATIONS
- SKILLED WORKERS
- SLUMS
- SOCIAL GROUPS
- SOLIDARITY
- STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
- SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- SYRIANS
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- TRAFFIC SAFETY
- TRANSPORT AGREEMENTS
- TREATIES
- UKRAINE
- VIOLENT DEATHS
- VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
- VOCATIONAL TRAINING
- WATER POLLUTION
- WIND POWER
- WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
- WORKING CONDITIONS
- WORK ORGANIZATION
- ADULT EDUCATION
- AIR TRANSPORT
- ARID ZONES
- BANKS
- BIOMASS ENERGY
- BRAIN DRAIN
- BROADBAND
- BUILDING STANDARDS
- CAPITAL MARKETS
- CAREGIVERS
- CENTRES
- CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
- CIVIL SERVICE
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
- COMMODITIES
- COMPUTER CRIMES
- COMPUTER SECURITY
- COST ANALYSIS
- COUNTRY PROGRAMMES
- CRISIS MANAGEMENT
- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
- DISTANCE EDUCATION
- EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
- EAST ASIA
- ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
- ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE
- ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
- ECONOMY MEASURES
- EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
- ENERGY SECURITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
- ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY
- EXPORT DEVELOPMENT
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- FACTORIES
- FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- FISHERIES
- FOOD INDUSTRY
- FOOD SUPPLY
- FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
- GOODS
- HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
- INFORMATION EXCHANGE
- INFORMATION SERVICES
- INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
- INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
- INTERNATIONAL LAW
- KNOW-HOW
- LABOUR MOVEMENTS
- LABOUR SUPPLY
- LAND RIGHTS
- LANGUAGES
- LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
- LIQUIDITY
- LITERACY
- LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
- MALARIA
- MARINE POLLUTION
- MARITIME TRANSPORT
- MATERNAL MORTALITY
- MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
- NATIONAL INCOME
- NEIGHBOURING STATES
- NUTRITION
- OPEN GOVERNMENT
- ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM
- PENSIONS
- PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
- PHOSPHATES
- PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
- PRIMARY EDUCATION
- PROJECT EVALUATION
- REFUGEE PLACEMENT
- REGIONAL PLANNING
- REHABILITATION
- RETURN MIGRATION
- ROAD MAPS
- ROADS
- RURAL POVERTY
- SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
- SECURITY MANAGEMENT
- SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
- SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED PERSONS
- SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS
- SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
- TAX REFORM
- TAX REVENUES
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
- TERMINOLOGY
- TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
- TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
- UNITED KINGDOM
- WASTE DISPOSAL
- WASTE TREATMENT
- WATER CONSERVATION
- WATER CONSUMPTION
- WATER QUALITY
- WATER REUSE
- WEATHER FORECASTING
- WEBSITES
- WHEAT
- WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- WOMEN REFUGEES
- WORK AT HOME
- YOUNG WORKERS
- YOUTH HEALTH
- YOUTH SERVICES
- ADMINISTRATION
- ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS
- ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
- AGE
- AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES
- AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
- AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORTS
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
- AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
- ANTITRUST LAW
- ARAB STUDIES
- ART WORKS
- AUSTRALIA
- AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
- BASELINES
- BIOCLIMATOLOGY
- BIOGAS
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
- BLOCKADE
- BRAZIL
- BUDGETING
- BUSINESS CYCLES
- CANADA
- CARE ECONOMY
- CEMENT INDUSTRY
- CHEMICALS
- CHILD ABUSE
- CHILD CARE
- CHILD HEALTH
- CHILD LABOUR
- CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- CIVILIAN PERSONS
- CLIMATIC ZONES
- COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- COMPETITION LAW
- CONGO
- CONTINUING EDUCATION
- CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
- COOLING
- COPYRIGHT
- CORPORATE CORRUPTION
- COST OF LIVING INDICES
- CROP YIELDS
- CULTURAL PLURALISM
- CURRENCY INSTABILITY
- CUSTOMS UNIONS
- DAIRY INDUSTRY
- DAMAGES
- DATABASE MANAGEMENT
- DATA MODELLING
- DATA PROCESSING
- DEBT CONVERSIONS
- DEBT RESTRUCTURING
- DEFINITION
- DEVALUATION
- DEVELOPMENT MODELS
- DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- DISTRIBUTION
- DOCUMENTS
- DRIVING PERMITS
- ECOLOGY
- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
- ECONOMIC GAP
- ECONOMIC STABILIZATION
- EDUCATIONAL REFORM
- EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
- EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
- ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
- EMIGRATION
- ENERGY
- ENERGY CONVERSION
- ENERGY PLANNING
- ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
- ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- ETHNIC CONFLICT
- EUROPEAN FEDERATION
- EXPORT PROCEDURES
- FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
- FEMINISM
- FOOD PREPARATION
- FOOD PRESERVATION
- FOOD WASTE
- FORCED MARRIAGE
- FRANCE
- FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
- FUNDS
- FUTURE STUDIES
- GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- GLASS INDUSTRY
- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
- GLOBAL WARMING
- GLOSSARIES
- GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
- GROUP CONFLICT PREVENTION
- HEALTH PERSONNEL
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES
- HEALTH STANDARDS
- HEATING
- HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
- HOUSEHOLD SIZE
- HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
- IMMIGRATION
- INDIA
- INDUSTRIALIZATION
- INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION
- INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- INFORMATION NETWORKS
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- INLAND TRANSPORT
- INTERCOMMUNAL NEGOTIATIONS
- INTEREST RATES
- INTERNAL SECURITY
- INTERNATIONAL DECADES
- INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
- ISLAMIC ETHICS
- ISLAMIC LAW
- JOB VACANCIES
- KENYA
- LABELLING
- LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
- LATIN AMERICA
- LEBANON SITUATION
- LIGHTING
- LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE
- MADAGASCAR
- MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
- MARKETING
- MATERNAL WELFARE
- MEMBERS
- MICRO-ECONOMICS
- MIDDLE CLASS
- MILITARY EXPENDITURES
- MINORITIES
- MONEY
- MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
- MUSLIM WOMEN
- NATIONAL BUDGETS
- NATIONAL SECURITY
- NILE RIVER
- NON-STATE ACTORS
- OBESITY
- OCCUPATIONS
- OCEANS
- OLIVE OIL
- ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- PATENTS
- PENSION FUNDS
- PHYSICAL PLANNING
- PILOT PROJECTS
- POLICE
- POLLUTION CONTROL
- POPULATION COMPOSITION
- POPULATION POLICY
- PRIVATIZATION
- PRODUCTIVE AGEING
- PROGRAMME BUDGETING
- PROJECT ACTIVITIES
- PROJECT FINANCE
- PUBLIC INVESTMENT
- PUBLIC POLICY
- PURCHASING POWER
- RADICALISM
- REFUGEE-RECEIVING COUNTRIES
- REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
- REGIONAL SECURITY
- RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS
- REPORTING PROCEDURES
- RESTRICTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES
- RETIREMENT
- RIGHT TO HEALTH
- RIGHT TO WORK
- RISK MANAGEMENT
- RIVERS
- ROAD NETWORKS
- ROAD TRAFFIC
- RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION
- SANITARY FACILITIES
- SATELLITES
- SCHOOLS
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
- SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION
- SECTORAL PLANNING
- SEWAGE
- SEWAGE DISPOSAL
- SEX DISTRIBUTION
- SINGAPORE
- SOCIAL CONFLICT
- SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
- SOCIAL PROBLEMS
- SOCIAL STATUS
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- TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
- UNDEREMPLOYMENT
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- UNILATERAL COERCIVE MEASURES
- URBAN ENVIRONMENT
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- URBAN SETTLEMENTS
- URBAN TRAFFIC
- USE STUDIES
- VALUE CHAINS
- VEGETABLES
- VENTURE CAPITAL
- VOCABULARY
- VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
- VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
- WASTES
- WATER LAW
- WATER LEVEL
- WATER POLLUTANTS
- WEATHER
- WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
- WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS
- WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
- WORKERS' RIGHTS
- WORKING GROUPS
- WORK LIFE BALANCE
- YEMEN SITUATION
- YOUNG ADULTS
- YOUNG WOMEN
- YOUTH LEADERS
- YOUTH MOVEMENTS
- Zakat
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