Statistical Terms Glossary

An area with a collection of buildings dedicated to scientific research on a business footing. There are many approximate synonyms for "science park", including research park, technology park, technopolis and biomedical park. The appropriate term typically depends on the type of science and research in which the park's entities engage, but many of these developments are named according to which term gives the park the best profitability and naming advantages. Often, science parks are associated with or operated by institutions of higher education (colleges and universities).

Was established in 2004 as a collaborative enforcement operation to unite industry leaders in technology, banking, financial services and online retail services with law enforcement to combat "phishing," a destructive and increasing form of fraud and identity theft.

The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a United States Federal Government standard or FIPS for digital signatures. It was proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in August 1991 for use in their Digital Signature Standard (DSS), specified in FIPS 186 [1], adopted in 1993.

<cryptography, standard> The NIST's standard for digital signatures (authenticating both a message and the signer) that was first announced in 1991. It is based on an algorithm using discrete logarithms, which is a variant of the Elgamal algorithm with Schnorr's improvements. DSS's security is currently considered very strong - comparable to RSA. It is estimated that DSS's 1024-bit keys would take 1.4E16 MIPS-years to crack.

<cryptography, standard> The NIST's standard for digital signatures (authenticating both a message and the signer) that was first announced in 1991. It is based on an algorithm using discrete logarithms, which is a variant of the Elgamal algorithm with Schnorr's improvements. DSS's security is currently considered very strong - comparable to RSA. It is estimated that DSS's 1024-bit keys would take 1.4E16 MIPS-years to crack.

The Digital Solidarity Agenda aims at putting in place the conditions for mobilizing human, financial and technological resources for inclusion of all men and women in the emerging Information Society. Close national, regional and international cooperation among all stakeholders in the implementation of this Agenda is vital. To overcome the digital divide, we need to use more efficiently existing approaches and mechanisms and fully explore new ones, in order to provide financing for the development of infrastructure, equipment, capacity building and content, which are essential for participation in the Information Society.

The Digital solidarity fund (DSF) was established following talks which took place during the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunis in 2005. The foundation operates under Swiss law with its headquarters in Geneva Switzerland. The fund aims to reduce the global Digital divide.

A high-bandwidth Internet access service that works over existing phone lines and increases their capacity.

Digital electronics are systems that represent signals as discrete levels, rather than as a continuous range. In most cases the number of states is two, and these states are represented by two voltage levels: one near to zero volts and one at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use.

Consists of privacy over the media of the Internet: the ability to control what information one reveals about oneself over the Internet, and to control who can access that information. Many people use the term to mean universal Internet privacy: every user of the Internet possessing Internet privacy.

<storage> (DVD, formerly "Digital Video Disc") An optical storage medium with improved capacity and bandwidth compared with the Compact Disc. DVD, like CD, was initally marketed for entertainment and later for computer users.

The representation of an object, image, sound, document or a signal (usually an analog signal) by a discrete set of its points or samples. The result is called digital representation or, more specifically, a digital image, for the object, and digital form, for the signal. Strictly speaking, digitizing means simply capturing an analogy signal in digital form

The Digitized Soil Map of the World, at 1:5.000.000 scale, is in the geographic projection (latitude - longitude) intersected with a template containing water related features (coastlines, lakes, glaciers and double-lined rivers). The Digitized Soil Map of the World (except for the continent of Africa) was intersected with the country boundaries map from the World Data Bank II (with country boundaries updated to January 1994 at 1:3 000 000 scale), obtained from the US Government. For Africa, the country boundaries are derived from the FAO country boundaries on the original FAO/UNESCO Digitized Soil Map of the World. Country boundaries in both cases were checked and adjusted in certain places on the basis of FAO and UN conventions.

Right of all employees to be treated with dignity and respect and in particular to enjoy a safe working environment that is free from sexual harassment, harassment and any other act of gender-based violence.

Dilution refers to a method of disposing of industrial waste or plant effluent by discharge into a stream or other body of water

A drop in earnings per share or book value per share, caused by the potential conversion of securities or potential exercise of warrants or options.

A dilution ratio is the ratio of the volume of water in a water body to the whole volume of incoming waste. This factor affects the waste assimilation capacity of the water body

Dioxin is a synthetic organic chemical of the chlorinated hydrocarbon class.
It is one of the most toxic compounds known to humans whose harmful effects, even in extremely minute concentrations, include induction of cancer and birth defects. It has become a widespread pollutant because of the use of certain dioxin— containing herbicides

A mail pouch used by governments to send official letters and dispatches.

Are foreigners working under diplomatic permits for foreign embassies or consulates established in a receiving country. Also, citizens travelling under diplomatic passports in order to work in their country’s embassies or consulates abroad or in order to return from a posting abroad.

Development agencies increasingly provide financial support to macro-level policies and to government budgets to assist the recipient through a programme of policy and institutional reform and implementation that promote growth and achieve sustainable reductions in poverty.
Direct Budget Support Agreements are the formal DBS instruments negotiated between the development agency and recipient government.

A direct discharger is a municipal or industrial facility that emits pollutants through a defined conveyance or system. It constitutes a point source of pollution

Discrimination where one person is treated less favourably on grounds such as sex and gender, age, nationality, race, ethnicity, religion or belief, health, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, than another person is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation.

An outside line connecting to the PSTN.

Direct expenditure on educational institutions are purchases by a government agency of educational resources to be used by educational institutions (e.g., direct payments of teachers’ salaries by a central or regional education ministry, direct payments by a municipality to building contractors for the construction of school buildings, and procurement of textbooks by a central or regional authority for subsequent distribution to local authorities or schools) and payments by a government agency to educational institutions that have the responsibility for purchasing educational resources themselves (e.g., a government appropriation or block grant to a university, which the university then uses to pay staff salaries and to buy other resources; government allocations of funds to fiscally autonomous public schools; government subsidies to private schools; and government payments under contract to private companies conducting educational research).
Direct expenditure by a government agency does not include tuition payments received from students (or their families) enrolled in public schools under that agency’s jurisdiction, even if the tuition payments flow, in the first instance, to the government agency rather than to the institution in question.

Direct investments made by corporations of the country in question in foreign corporations.