Statistical Terms Glossary

See Environmental accounting

Usage of bio-fertilizer&bio-pesticides, organic farming (Bernhard Berger, 2001), Biodynamic farming (Planning Commission, 2001) low input agriculture (http://www.ileia.org/), permaculture (Allan Atkisson, 1991), sustainable agriculture (Pretty J. 1998), integrated farming practices (integrated pest management and integrated nutrient management), are some of the practices that are being espoused by proponents both in developed and developing countries. All these practices have evolved as alternatives to chemical use in agriculture keeping in view the increasing demand for green agriculture products across the world (Gilk Paul, 2003). This growing demand for green agriculture products is botha constraint as well as window of opportunity not only for the agriculturists but also for producers, suppliers and traders of agriculture inputs (fertilizer, pesticide etc.) and outputs (http://www.etagriculture.com).

A green ban is a ban imposed on construction in the inner part of a city so as to protect the urban natural environment

A green belt is a zone near a city that is restricted as regards any further extension of urban area. It serves as a buffer separating sources of pollution from the city population

Economy characterized by investments and technical provisions aimed at avoiding, reducing or eliminating pollution and, in particular, carbon dioxide emissions, while making the best use of available energy resources.

Green GDP is a popular term for environmentally adjusted gross domestic product

The green revolution is the increase in crop yields based on cultivation of high—response varieties of wheat, rice, maize and millet, and intensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and machinery

Water that comes from precipitation and is stored in the unsaturated soil.

A technique that attempts to answer the question: What level of GDP could be achieved if producers and consumers faced a different set of relative prices in the economy due to the existence of actual prices for environmental functions?

A greenhouse climate response index is an index developed by the National Climatic Data Center of the United States of America that includes the following variables: much-above-normal temperature, much-above-normal precipitation in the cool months, extreme or severe drought in the warm months, a much—greater— than—normal proportion of annual precipitation falling on days having more than 50.8 millimetres of precipitation, and reduced day—to—day temperature swings

The greenhouse effect is the warming of the earth’s atmosphere caused by a build-up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse or trace gases that act like a pane of glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass through and heat the earth but preventing a counterbalancing loss of heat radiation

A gas that absorbs infrared radiation and radiates heat in all directions. In the context of transport GHG emissions, the following list of gases is typically considered:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2);
- Methane (CH4);
- Nitrous oxide (N2O);
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Measures the gross agricultural emissions of three gases: carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), expressed in CO2 equivalents.

An antitakeover maneuver in which the target firm purchases the raider's stock at a price above that available to other stockholders. The funds for the purchase are often borrowed; other stockholders are ordinarily excluded from the transaction.

Market in bonds that have not been given a firm price.

Logic that allows converting a pair of geographic coordinates (longitude /latitude) into a string-based code, and vice-versa.

System defined by a regular geo-referenced grid characterized by (i) a maximum geographic extent or scale (global, regional, local), (ii) a grid unit/cell shape (e.g. square, rectangle), (iii) a grid resolution (e.g. 1 x 1deg, 5 x 5 deg).

The term gross is a common means of referring to values before deducting consumption of fixed capital (generally used as in “gross capital stock” or “gross domestic product”); all the major balancing items in the accounts from value added through to saving.

See Accumulation

Gross adjusted disposable income is derived from the gross disposable income of an institutional unit or sector by adding the value of the social transfers in kind receivable by that unit or sector and subtracting the value of the social transfers in kind payable by that unit or sector.

The average annual volume of increment over the reference period of all trees, with no minimum diameter. Gross annual increment is thus equivalent to natural growth in a year.

The total number of students in a level, expressed as a percentage of the official school -age population. If there are significant numbers of overage and underage students at a given level of schooling, the GAR can exceed 100.