Statistical Terms Glossary

A method of keeping track of changes to values in a field and the reason and source of each change. Audit trails are generally begun after the initial interview is completed.

Understood to mean that it is possible to establish whether a system is functioning properly and, thereafter, that it has worked properly.

A qualified individual or entity endowed with the task of conducting audit.

Refers to the report of the auditor made once the audit work has been carried out. For example, an auditor’s report attached to an organisation’s financial statements may be referred to as the auditor’s certificate on those financial statements.

Methods of communicating that supplement or replace speech and handwriting – for example, facial expressions, symbols, pictures, gestures, and signing.

The overall balance plus any losses incurred by the central bank, and any issuance of government debt to recapitalize public financial institutions not recorded in the overall balance.

A process for verifying the correctness of a piece of data.

The process where one entity verifies another entity's claim to holding a specific digital identity. The function that the middle "A" in AAA actually refers to is "access control", i.e. the granting or refusing of privileges to an entity for accessing specific services. accounting refers to the tracking of the consumption of network resources by users. This information may be used for management, planning, billing, or other purposes.

Implies that the authorising authority has verified and validated that the activity or transaction conforms with established policies and procedures.

The correction of data errors by computer without human
intervention. One aspect of automated data editing.

It is system that works using the Internet is the transfer of data and information in places cut Al manifest (border crossings) and carried over from the place of private storage (Server) where control staff in the General Company for Land Transport can access this information and display them directly (Online) on the monitoring screen (Monitoring)

Price quotations on securities provided automatically by a computerized system. In the U.S., the best-known system is the National Association of Security Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) system, while the CAC system has recently been introduced in Paris, based on the Toronto Computer Assisted Trading System (CATS)

Road vehicle designed to use real-time traffic information, to be connected to and cooperate with other vehicles, with transport infrastructure and with vulnerable road users. Automated vehicles are developed with the aim of progressively taking over driving tasks, in order to improve road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort and be fully integrated in road networks and public transport systems.

A computerized system designed by the UNCTAD to administer a countries' customs.

A computerized telecommunications device that provides the clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier, human clerk or bank teller

An electromechanical device that permits authorised users, typically using machine-readable plastic cards, to withdraw cash from their accounts and/or access other services, such as balance enquiries, transfer of funds or acceptance of deposits. ATMs may be operated either online with real-time access to an authorisation database or offline.

Automatically switching to a different, redundant system upon failure or abnormal termination of the currently active system. Failover can be applied to a cluster of servers, to network or storage components or any other set of redundant devices that must provide high availability because down-time would be expensive or inconvenient. It may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination.

In an IFC fixed rate loan, an option under which the interest rate would be reset every five years, based on current interest rates. As a result, the initial loan rate would be around 1% less than the normal fixed term rate.

Converts spoken words to text. Speech recognition is a broad term which means it can recognize almost anybody's speech - such as a call-centre system designed to recognize many voices. Voice recognition is a system trained to a particular user, where it recognizes their speech based on their unique vocal sound.

An economic policy or program that increases or decreases automatically to offset the current economic trend without government assistance.

Sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.

Computerized machine that processes financial transactions between a financial institution and its customers. It usually allows customers to withdraw cash, make deposits, check on their balance and issue instructions for payments between accounts or
to third parties.

Happening or reacting without the need to consider or do anything extra.

Automobile air pollution are emissions from cars and other vehicular traffic consisting chiefly of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned gasoline, carbon dioxide and lead

Autonomous pension funds are separate funds (i.e., separate institutional units) established for purposes of providing incomes on retirement for specific groups of employees which are organised, and directed, by private or public employers or jointly by the employers and their employees. These funds engage in financial transactions on their own account on financial markets and make investments by acquiring financial and non- financial assets. They do not include social security schemes organised for large sections of the community which are imposed, controlled or financed by general government.