The dispersion into the environment of materials (residuals) due to the abrasion of car tyres and brakes, as well as residuals corresponding to ‘deliberate disposal’ of products such as fertilisers and pesticides. Pesticides, fertilisers and compost, thawing materials applied to roadways in winter, and seeds are all examples of products deliberately transmitted to the environment and that thus need to be included in the flows from the economy into the environment.