Statistical Terms Glossary

Transport of cargo by sea other than short sea shipping, involving intercontinental routes and/or crossing oceans.

Deep seabed.

Bond with relatively low-coupon rate of interest, offered with a discount in excess of what can normally be treated as capital gain by the investor.

Deep-discount bonds are bonds under which periodic cash flows are made that cover some of the interest liability during the life of the instrument but the amount is substantially below market interest.

The difference between the discounted issue price and the price at maturity is substantial and, in the SNA, that difference is treated as interest and is recorded as accruing over the life of the bond rather than when due for payment.

Fisheries which are mostly open access or regulated under schemes which, in practice, tend notto reduce the incentives to increase effort when subsidies are provided to the industry (depending on the effectiveness of enforcement). The high initial catches associated with deep-sea fisheries mean that the effect of subsidies will be to further increase profits in the short term and may accelerate the process of new entry to the fishery.

Deep-sea fisheries take place at great depths (between 200-2000 meters), on continental slopes, oceanic seamounts, ridge systems banks. These fisheries target demersal/benthic species using a range of gears including bottom and mid-water trawls, pots and longlines.

Common name for members of the class Pycnogonida, long-legged, rather spiderlike organisms of the phylum Chelicerata, widely distributed in marine waters. Most are tiny, from 1 to 9 mm (0.04-0.36 in.), and live in littoral regions, crawling about over the surface of sessile animal colonies or seaweeds.

A pump having one or more stages, each consisting of an impeller on a vertical shaft, surrounded by stationary and usually symmetrical guide vanes in a pump bowl assembly. Power is delivered to the impeller by a shaft and a column carries the water upward.

Extra interest due on a Euroloan if regular payments are late.

It occurs when an IFAD borrower is unable to make payments of principal or interest on its loan. Debt funding would increase the Fund’s risk profile in this respect.

Defeasance is a technique by which a debtor unit removes liabilities from its balance sheet by pairing them with financial assets, the income and value of which are sufficient to ensure that all debt service payments are met.

A step at which control can be applied and a quality (non safety) defect can be prevented, eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, or a fraud risk eliminated.

Defensive environmental costs refer to the actual environmental protection costs incurred in preventing or neutralising a decrease in environmental quality, as well as the expenditures necessary to compensate for or repair the negative effects (damage) of environmental deterioration.
Such costs include expenditures required to mitigate environment—related health and other welfare effects on human beings

Note on which no coupon is paid in the earliest part of its life.

A pension plan member that no longer contributes to or accrues benefits from the plan but has not yet begun to receive retirement benefits from that plan.

Instruments that consist of debt obligations where the investor pays only a portion of the issue price on the initial payment date and the balance several months later.

In the context of Paris Club debt reschedulings, obligations that are not consolidated but postponed non-concessionally, usually for a short time, as specified in the Agreed Minute.