Statistical Terms Glossary

A borrowing guaranteed by the state.

The risk of changes in a borrowing country's overall foreign exchange position, which might affect its ability to repay a loan.

Loan to a State or loan where the State takes the responsibility for the loan.

Soy flours are products obtained by finely grinding full-fat dehulled soybeans or defatted flakes made from dehulled soybeans. To be called soy flour, at least 97% of the product must pass through a 100-mesh standard screen.

See two-point arbitrage.

Bank procedure whereby the Bank provides a commercial bank with a guarantee to enable it to issue a letter of credit to a Bank borrower to finance the purchase of goods under a project.

To post irrelevant or inappropriate messages to one or more Usenet newsgroups, mailing lists, or other messaging system in deliberate or accidental violation of netiquette.

Are weblog sites which the author uses to promote affiliated websites, to increase the search engine rankings of associated sites or to simply sell links/ads.

Spate irrigation can also be referred to as floodwater harvesting. It is a method of random irrigation using the floodwaters of a normally dry system. It is practised by building earthen diversion banks across a dry watercourse. The floods - or spates- are diverted into embanked fields, where the water is pounded until total infiltration. These systems are in general characterised by very large upstream watershed and have an important “catchment area: cultivated area” ratio.

Spate irrigation, also sometimes referred to as floodwater harvesting, is a method of informal irrigation using the floodwaters of a normally dry water course or riverbed (wadi). These systems are in general characterized by a very large catchment upstream (2 00 5 000 ha) with a ratio of “catchment area: cultivated area” = between 100:1 10 000:1. There are two types of spate irrigation: 1. floodwater harvesting within streambeds, where turbulent channel flow is collected and spread through the wadi where the crops are planted; crosswadi dams are constructed with stones, earth, or both, often reinforced with gabions; 2. floodwater diversion, where the floods or spates from the seasonal rivers are diverted into adjacent embanked fields for direct application. A stone or concrete structure raises the water level within the wadi to be diverted to the nearby cropping areas.

Referring to things, or processes, in geographic space.

Factors used to adjust average prices obtained from one or more pricing locations within the economic territory of a Member State to national average prices.

Spatial competition occurs when the amount of space available is inadequate to satisfy existing or expected future wants. For example space for transport or agriculture may be at the expense of space for ecosystems.

In the literature, definitions about what constitutes a spatial or local labour market vary considerably. Two main approaches can be distinguished. In one, the labour market is defined as a homogeneous area sharing common labour market characteristics. Cluster analysis is the technique most often used to identify such areas.

Spatial planning is a process that should consider the social, economic, environmental and governance objectives of sustainable development, in order to aim at an integrated management of land, water and living resources for the development of aquaculture and expansion of the sector in a sustainable and equitable way, including mitigation measures for changing climatic conditions.

Indexes which measure the difference in prices between localities at a particular point in time.