Statistical Terms Glossary

Surveillance is the supervision of an oversight body, such as a central bank or a separate surveillance body of the operation of the payments system and the prudential behaviour of financial institutions. Such activity also includes ensuring that adequate levels of competition exist in the financial sector

A surveillance system is a system for monitoring environmental quality in order to detect areas of pollution concentration in time for remedial measures

An investigation about the characteristics of a given observations by means of collecting data from a sample of that society of observations and estimating their characteristics through the systematic use of statistical methodology.

See: Frame

In general, survival occurs when a unit is active and identifiable both before and after a specific (business) demographic event. The unit may be changed in some way, e.g. in terms of economic activity, size, ownership or location, but there should be continuity of the unit reference number in the statistical business register. In the Business Demography context, survival occurs if an enterprise is active in terms of employment and/or turnover in the year of birth and the following year(s). An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit(s) have ceased to be active, but their activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise (= survival by take-over)."

The proportion of persons in a specified group (age, sex, or health status) alive at the beginning of an interval (such as a five-year period) who survive to the end of the interval.

Percentage of a cohort of students enrolled in the first grade of a given level or cycle of education in a given school year who are expected to reach a given grade, regardless of repetition.

At the tertiary level is defined as the proportion of new entrants to the specified level of education who successfully complete a first qualification. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of students who are awarded an initial degree to the number of new entrants to the level n years before, n being the number of years of full-time study required to complete the degree.

Survival rate at the tertiary level is defined as the proportion of new entrants to the specified level of education who successfully complete a first qualification. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of students who are awarded an initial degree to the number of new entrants to the level n years before, n being the number of years of full-time study required to complete the degree.

The term “survivor” emphasizes an active and resourceful response to the abuse. Other terms that are sometimes used instead of the term survivor: “violated” or “recipient of violence”, indicating the different stages that can be experienced by a person who is subjected to violence. However, the trend in the scholarly literature and the recommendations of the principles for dealing with those subjected to violence, is the  use  of the  word  “survivor”  when  referring to the  recipient  of  violence,  regardless  of the  reaction  of the recipient. The term “victim” suggests compassion and surrendering while the term "survivor" suggests steadfastness and strength; in other words, the term "survivor" has positive connotations which helps the recipient on one hand to increase his/her self-confidence while reminding the care provider not to deal with the recipient as a subordinate.

Survivors’ programmes are usually part of old age and employment injury pension programmes. Survivors’ benefits are paid to eligible family members upon death of the insured person.

Eurodollar bonds issued by Japanese corporations on the Japanese market for Japanese investors.

Children under five years who suffer from cough with quick breath or have difficulty breathing due to problem in chest or both problem in chest and blocked nose.

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) are finely divided solids or liquids that may be dispersed through the air from combustion processes, industrial activities or natural sources

Which are supported by iron cables because the spaces are  large with the  supporting pillars in the centre and the sides

Sustainability refers to:
(a) use of the biosphere by present generations while maintaining its potential yield (benefit) for future generations; and/or
(b) non—declining trends of economic growth and development that might be impaired by natural resource depletion and environmental degradation.

Agricultural development that contributes to improving resource efficiency, strengthening resilience and securing social equity/responsibility of agriculture and food systems in order to ensure food security and nutrition for all, now and in the future.

The need to increase agricultural output of food and non-food products while at the same time improving labour productivity on-farm and in the value chains requires that agricultural manpower has access to tools, equipment and machinery to carry out farm operations efficiently from the view point of financial and capital costs as well as social and environmental costs.

Improved agricultural practices and structural changes that increase and improve the provision of goods and services in agriculture in a sustainable manner.

The management and conservation of the natural resource base, and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Sustainable agriculture conserves land, water, and plant and animal genetic resources, and is environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable.