Statistical Terms Glossary

A movement in the price or price quotation of a security or contact.

Buying and selling at different maturities.

Coastal horizontal movement of the sea caused alternatively by the rising tide and the falling tide (ebb). Rivers that are hydraulically connected to the ocean may become saline and may even reverse their flow depending on the tide.

Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement or wave motion and exploited for electricity generation.

Tied aid credits are official or officially supported Loans, credits or Associated Financing packages where procurement of the goods or services involved is limited to the donor country or to a group of countries which does not include substantially all developing countries (or Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs)/New Independent States (NIS) in transition).

Bilateral loans that are linked to purchases of goods and services by the debtor country from the creditor country.

Tied selling refers to situations where the sale of one good is conditioned on the purchase of another good. One variant is full-line forcing in which a seller presses (or forces) a complete line of products on a buyer who is predominantly interested in only a specific product.

Addressing issues and impacts at appropriate decision-making levels (e.g. from the policy to project levels).

Any physical loosening of the soil carried out in a range of cultivation operations, either by hand or mechanized.

Any agricultural action or practice used by growers to allow and improve the growing conditions of fresh fruits or vegetables whether grown in an open field or in protected facilities (e.g. hydroponic systems, greenhouses/net houses).

A railway vehicle with a tilting system designed to have an operating speed of 200 km/h or above on upgraded high speed lines.

Are defined by the volume of trees, living and dead, which can still be used for timber or fuel.

See horizontal spread.

Is a channel access method for shared medium networks. It allows several users to share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal into different time slots. The users transmit in rapid succession, one after the other, each using his own time slot. This allows multiple stations to share the same transmission medium (e.g. radio frequency channel) while using only a part of its channel capacity. TDMA is used in the digital 2G cellular systems such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), IS-136, Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) and iDEN, and in the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) standard for portable phones. It is also used extensively in satellite systems, and combat-net radio systems.

Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a type of digital or (rarely) analog multiplexing in which two or more signals or bit streams are transferred apparently simultaneously as sub-channels in one communication channel, but are physically taking turns on the channel. The time domain is divided into several recurrent timeslots of fixed length, one for each sub-channel. A type of multiplexing where two or more channels of information are transmitted over the same link by allocating a different time interval ("slot" or "slice") for the transmission of each channel. I.e. the channels take turns to use the link. Some kind of periodic synchronising signal or distinguishing identifier is usually required so that the receiver can tell which channel is which.

Is an amount of time or a particular time interval. In sounds and music, a duration is a property of a tone that becomes one of the bases of rhythm.

The time at which goods and services are acquired is when the change of ownership occurs or the delivery of the services is completed

The time of recording for transactions and, hence, for holdings is governed by the principle of accrual accounting. For financial claims and liabilities, changes of ownership are considered to have taken place at (or be proxied by) the time that the parties to the transactions record them in their books or accounts. If no precise date can be fixed, the reporter may use the date on which the creditor received payment or the date on which some other financial claim was satisfied. For direct investment income data, dividends should be recorded as the date they are payable and income on debt as it is accrued

Working long hours and having no choice but to do so.

A test that may be used under the axiomatic approach which requires that if the prices and quantities in the two periods being compared are interchanged the resulting price index is the reciprocal of the original price index.

A time series is a set of regular time-ordered observations of a quantitative characteristic of an individual or collective phenomenon taken at successive, in most cases equidistant, periods / points of time.