Statistical Terms Glossary

Short-term dollar denominated securities that allow the issuer to repay the principal and interest owed in dollars or at an amount of foreign currency agreed at the time of issue. In exchange, the yield premium is higher than the market price for equivalent debt.

Wagon characterized by its closed construction (solid sides all the way up and roof) and by the safety it provides for the goods conveyed in it (possibility of padlocking and sealing).

Calling party pays (CPP)

System boundary including all life cycle stages from raw material extraction (cradle) to the gate of the production phase.

Creaming is the selective cutting of the best (from a commercial point of view) trees. It need not be restricted to the best trees in a stand but may also extend to the best stands in a larger area

The emergence of a new business unit. This can be either due to a (real) birth of the unit, or due to other creation by a merger, break-up, split-off or discontinuity point according to the continuity rules.

Financing using unconventional means, e.g. special swaps, etc.

Unit in which the successful completion of courses or modules is earned and documented during and at the end of an educational programme. Credits express the volume of learning based on the workload students typically need in order to achieve the expected learning objectives.

Credit is an amount for which there is a specific obligation of repayment. Credits include loans, trade credits, bonds, bills, etc., and other agreements which give rise to specific obligations to repay over a period of time usually, but not always, with interest. Credit is extended to finance consumption and investment expenditures, and financial transactions

A card indicating that the holder has been granted a line of credit. It enables the holder to make purchases and/or withdraw cash up to a prearranged ceiling; the credit granted can be settled in full by the end of a specified period or can be settled in part, with the balance taken as extended credit. Interest is charged on the amount of any extended credit and the holder is sometimes charged an annual fee.

A type of fraud in which the numbers on a credit card are recorded and then transferred to a duplicate card. This is done without the knowledge of the original credit card holder.

Occurs when new credit (or debt) is not available at any interest rate - even for those with previously acceptable credit ratings - due to widespread insolvency in the banking system itself. 

Credit derivatives are financial derivatives whose primary purpose is to trade credit risk; they are designed for trading in loan and security default risk and can take the form of both forward-type and option-type contracts and, like other financial derivatives, they are frequently drawn up under standard master legal agreements, and involve collateral and margining procedures.