Statistical Terms Glossary

Straw, stubble or other plant parts leaving good mulch that remain from the previous harvest.

Technique of growing alternating species or families of crops in a specific field in a planned pattern or sequence.

Crop production per unit of water, often expressed in kg/m3.

The total water needed for evapotranspiration from planting to harvest for a given crop in a specific climatic regime when adequate soil water is maintained by rainfall and/or irrigation so that it does not limit plant growth and crop yield.

The amount of water used by a crop in a specified period of time.

Is a twelve-month period used for collecting data on a particular crop — generally corresponding to the natural planting and marketing cycle for that crop. Usually, a crop year begins in a month other than January.

Total of arable land and land under permanent crops.

The number of times the same area is cropped in one year (referring to area equipped for full/partial control irrigation). If available, the area effectively irrigated is used for the calculation of cropping intensity. If not available, the equipped area is used. The calculation only refers to irrigated crops. This means that in a country with one or two wet seasons only the crops grown under irrigation are taken into consideration. The crops grown on the full/partial control equipped area during the wet season without irrigation (but using the residual soil humidity) are not included in the irrigated crop area when calculating cropping intensity.

The yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of the crops or of crops and fallow on a given area.; Plan and/or schedule that determines what crops are planted, to what extent, and in what seasons during the year.

The cropping patterns used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, and available technology which determine their cultivation.; A community of plants which is managed by a farm unit to achieve various human goals. The latter include food, fibre and other raw materials, wealth and satisfaction. Conway (1985) encompassed these multiple goals in the phrase 'increased social value'. Farmers are part of the system. They are able to set, or modify, their own goals, so two farms with identical climates and soils may be managed with different aims to achieve a different mix of outputs.

Flows of residual that cross the national border; they consist in discharge from production into a different environment and the transmission of residuals from one environmental sphere to another by natural mechanisms.

Cross border shopping is the name given to the activity wherein private individuals buy goods abroad because of lower taxes and import them for their own consumption, without declaring them in full in order to avoid paying import duties.

Swap between two parties in different countries.

The exchange risk inherent in carrying out foreign exchange transactions in two or more currencies.

Technique that combines shift from a floating to a fixed rate of interest, together with a shift from liability in one currency to liability in another.

A clause in a loan agreement specifying that default on any other loans to the borrower shall be regarded as default on this one.

The discount rate that equalizes the net present value of two streams of benefits and/or costs.

Cross price elasticity of demand refers to the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a given product due to the percentage change in the price of another "related" product. If all prices are allowed to vary, the quantity demanded of product X is dependent not only on its own price (see elasticity of demand) but upon the prices of other products as well.

Situation where two or more corporations hold shares of stock in the other, particularly with a view to controlling a market or industry.

Cross-border operations are transactions between residents of different countries

Cross-border positions are asset and liability positions vis-à-vis banks and non-banks located in a country other than the country of residence of the reporting bank. Also referred to as external positions

Is a mechanism that links direct payments to compliance by farmers with basic standards concerning the environment, food safety, animal and plant health and animal welfare, as well as the requirement of maintaining land in good agricultural and environmental condition.