Gender inequalities in social structures, based on institutionalized conceptions of gender differences. Conceptions of masculinity and femininity, expectations of women and men, judgements of women’s and men’s actions, prescribed rules about behaviour of women and men –all of these, and more, create and maintain gender inequality in social structures. Social and cultural environments, as well as the institutions that structure them and the individuals that operate within and outside these institutions, are engaged in the production and reproduction of gender norms, attitudes and stereotypes.