Women-headed households are households where either no adult men are present, owing to divorce, separation, migration, non-marriage, or widowhood; or where the men, although present, do not contribute to the household income, because of illness or disability, old age, alcoholism or similar incapacity (but not because of unemployment). Household headship has ‘real’ (de facto) and ‘perceived’ (de jure) dimensions. The de facto head is the main decision-maker responsible for financial support and welfare of the household. The de jure head, traditionally associated with the man ‘breadwinner’, is a person who usually lives with the household and is recognized as head of household by its other members. Often implicit in woman’s headship is the perceived problematic of the de facto status running counter to the established de jure norm, that is, man’s headship.