Statistical Terms Glossary

Commonly known as (electronic marketing) e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.

Involves making or attempting to make a person financially dependent by maintaining total control over financial resources, withholding access to money, and/or forbidding attendance at school or employment.

Economic activities are activities that lie within the economic production boundary as defined by the System of National Accounts. They comprise:(a) Production of goods or services supplied, or intended to be supplied to units other than their producers, including the production of goods and services used up in the process of producing such goods or services (intermediate consumption);(b) Production of all goods retained by their producers for their own final use (own-account production of goods);(c) Production of housing services by owner-occupiers;(d) Production of domestic and personal services produced by paid domestic staff.
Domestic or personal services provided by unpaid household members for final consumption within the same household are excluded from the economic production boundary and, hence, are not considered to be economic activities. Examples are (a) the cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling occupied by the household, including small repairs of a kind usually carried out by tenants as well as owners; (b) the cleaning, servicing and repair of household durables or other goods, including vehicles used for household purposes; (c) the preparation and serving of meals (d) the care, training and instruction of children; (e) the care of sick, infirm or old people; and (f) the transportation of members of the household or their goods.

Economic agent refers to a person or legal entity that plays an active role in an economic process. An economic agent can therefore be an individual consumer who purchases goods and services, an enterprise that organizes factors of production to generate income, a worker who provides his or her labor in a production process, etc.

The economic approach to index number theory assumes that the quantities are functions of the prices, the observed data being generated as solutions to various economic optimization problems. In the CPI context, the economic approach usually requires the CPI to be some kind of cost of living index.

Economic assets are entities functioning as stores of value and over which ownership rights are enforced by institutional units, individually or collectively, and from which economic benefits may be derived by their owners by holding them, or using them, over a period of time (the economic benefits consist of primary incomes derived from the use of the asset and the value, including possible holding gains/losses, that could be realised by disposing of the asset or terminating it).

Right to work and earn one’s own income, distribution of paid and unpaid work between women and men.

Comprise direct use benefits, indirect use benefits, option benefits, bequest benefits and existence benefits.

A survey conducted on the full set of observation objects belonging to a given business population.

The ratio of people who are outside the workforce to people who are outside the workforce.

Exploiting a position of power to dominate the economic interests of a partner.

Economic flows reflect the creation, transformation, exchange, transfer or extinction of economic value; they involve changes in the volume, composition, or value of an institutional unit’s assets and liabilities

A means by which decisions or actions of government affect the behaviour of producers and consumers by causing changes in the prices to be paid for these activities. Environmental taxes fall into this category, as do direct charges for government provided environmental services. In fact the boundary between these two is rather fluid and may change noticeably over quite a short period of time.

Economic instruments are fiscal and other economic incentives and disincentives to incorporate environmental costs and benefits into the budgets of households and enterprises.
The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. Economic instruments include effluent taxes or charges on pollutants and waste, deposit—refund systems and tradable pollution permits

An institutional unit is said to have a centre of economic interest within a country when there exists some location within the economic territory of the country on, or from, which it engages, and intends to continue to engage, in economic activities and

A simplified representation of economic reality showing the interrelationships between selected economic variables.

See: Economic unit

See: Economic unit

Price reflecting relative value to be assigned to inputs and outputs if the economy is to produce the maximum value of physical output efficiency.

See: Economic unit

Economic production may be defined as an activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses inputs of labour, capital, and goods and services to produce outputs of goods or services.

World Bank loan made to assist with the economic recovery of a country.

Economic regulations intervene directly in market decisions such as pricing, competition, market entry, or exit.Reform aims to increase economic efficiency by reducing barriers to competition and innovation, often through deregulation and use of efficiency-promoting regulation, and by improving regulatory frameworks for market functioning and prudential oversight.

See Rent - OECD

Refers to the side of the current accounts where transactions which add to the amount of economic value of a unit or a sector appear (for example, wages and salaries are a resource for the unit or sector receiving them); by convention, resources are put on the right side of the account.

The economic sphere is defined in relation to the flows covered in the SNA. This means that all flows related to the three types of economic activity covered in national accounts (production, consumption and accumulation) are included. All flows of products belongs to the economic sphere.

A term used to describe the financial system of a nation that displays only minor fluctuations in output growth and exhibits a consistently low inflation rate. Economic stability is usually seen as a desirable state for a developed country that is often encouraged by the policies and actions of its central bank.

Economic statistics describe the activities of economic transactors and the transactions that take place between them. In
the real world, economic entities engaged in the production of goods and services vary in their legal, accounting,
organizational and operating structures.

An investigation about the characteristics of a given business population by means of collecting data from a sample of that population and estimating their characteristics through the systematic use of statistical methodology