Statistical Terms Glossary

See economic price.

Field canal and field application efficiencies are also sometimes combined and called farm efficiency, Ef, where Ef = Eb x Ea.

Wastewater (sewage or other liquid waste, esp. toxic waste) that flows into a body of water such as a river or lake

An effluent charge is a fee or tax to be paid on discharges into the environment, based on the quantity and/or quality of discharged pollutants

Usually the rate of water flow. A volume of fluid passing a point per unit time commonly expressed as cubic feet per second, cubic meters per second, gallons per minute, or millions of gallons per day.

Effluent standards refer to the maximum amount of pollutants permitted in effluents

The total amount of fishing activity over a period of time.

Are fisheries management measures involving restrictions on the amount of effort that may be expended in harvesting a fish stock.

See Electronic funds transfer

See Point of sale

Used to refer to the use of information and communication technology to provide and improve government services, transactions and interactions with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

Healthcare practice which is supported by electronic processes and communication. The term is inconsistently used: some would argue it is interchangeable with health care informatics and a sub set of health informatics, while others use it in the narrower sense of healthcare practice using the Internet.

See Environmental impact assessment

Used within the European Union to encompass activities related to the achievement of an inclusive information society. In this vein, new developments in technology turns the risk of a digital divide into "digital cohesion" and opportunity, bringing the benefit of the Internet and related technology into all segments of the population, including people who are disadvantaged due to education (a specific subset called e-Competences), age (called e-Ageing), gender, disabilities (called e-Accessibility), ethnicity, and/or those living in remote regions (subject to the geographical digital divide). E-inclusion covers mainly the development of appropriate policies, maintenance of a knowledge base, research & technology development and deployment, & best practices dissemination. At EU level e-Inclusion is part to the third pillar of the 2010 policy initiative, managed by Directorate-General for Information Society and Media of the European Commission.

Abnormally warm ocean climate conditions, which in some years affect the Eastern coast of Latin America (centred on Peru) often around Christmas time. The anomaly is accompanied by dramatic changes in species abundance and distribution, higher local rainfall and flooding, massive deaths of fish and their predators (including birds). Many other climatic anomalies around the world (e.g. draughts, floods, forest fires,) are attributed to consequences of El Niño.

The subclass Elasmobranchii, the shark-like fishes other than the Holocephali or chimaeras, and including the living nonbatoid sharks, batoids, and a host of fossil species.

The price elasticity in demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Since the demand curve is normally downward sloping, the price elasticity of demand is usually a negative number. However, the negative sign is often omitted.

Shows percentage change in after-tax income following a 1per cent change of income before tax (defined more precisely as one minus a marginal tax rate divided by one minus a corresponding average tax rate).

Average number of elderly population (60+) per household type.

Encompasses forms of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) or very specific types of TEL such as online or Web-based learning. Nevertheless, the term does not have a universally accepted definition[1] and there are divides in the e-learning industry about whether a technology-enhanced system can be called e-learning if there is no set pedagogy as some argue e-learning is: "pedagogy empowered by digital technology" . in companies, it often refers to the strategies that use the company network to deliver training courses to employees and lately in most Universities, e-learning is used to define a specific mode to attend a course or program of study where the students rarely or never meet face-to-face, nor access on-campus educational facilities, because they study online.

Locomotive with one or more electric motors, deriving current primarily from overhead wires or conductor rails or from accumulators carried on the locomotive. A locomotive so equipped which has also an engine (diesel or other) to supply current to the electric motor when it cannot be obtained from an overhead wire or from a conductor rail is classed as an electric locomotive.

Energy produced by hydro-electric, geothermal, nuclear and conventional thermal power stations, excluding energy produced by pumping stations, measured by the calorific value of electricity (3.6 TJ/GWh).