Statistical Terms Glossary

Hybrid flow accounts limited to the description of the uses of fossil fuels and corresponding air emissions.

Emissions of CO, NOx, NMVOCs, PM10, PM2.5 and SOX can be grouped into acidifying substances, particulates and ozone precursors. Transport contributes significantly to emissions of NOX, NMVOCs, PM and CO. NOX contributes to acidification, formation of ground level ozone and particulate formation.• PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less;• PM10: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less;• NMVOCs: non-methane volatile organic compounds;• SOX: sulphur oxides;• NOX: nitrogen oxides;• CO: carbon monoxide.

The right to generate in the course of production activity a certain amount of specific emissions, for example greenhouse gases. Emissions permits are a form of intangible non-produced assets.

Are gaseous and particulate substances released to the atmosphere by establishments and households as a result of production, consumption and accumulation processes.

Are substances released to water resources by establishments and households as a result of production, consumption and accumulation processes.

See Electronic money

Includes undermining a person's sense of self-worth through constant criticism; belittling one's abilities; name-calling or other verbal abuse; damaging a partner's relationship with the children; or not letting a partner see friends and family.

Persons aged 15 years and over who were at work at least one hour during the reference period, or who were not at work during the reference period, but held a job or owned business from which they were temporarily absent (because of illness, vacation, temporarily stoppage, or any other reason) he\ she was employed, unpaid family member or other. The employed person is normally classified in one of two categories according to the number of weekly work hours, i.e. 1-14 work hours and 15 work hours and above. Also, the absence due to sick leave, vacation, temporarily stoppage, or any other reason considered employed from 1-14 hours.

Employees are considered to have informal jobs if their employment relationship is, in law or in practice, not subject to national labour legislation, income taxation, social protection or entitlement to certain employment benefits (such as advance notice of dismissal, severance pay, paid annual or sick leave).
The reasons may be the following: non-declaration of the jobs or the employees; casual jobs or jobs of a limited short duration; jobs with hours of work or wages below a specified threshold (such as for social security contributions); employment by unincorporated enterprises or by persons in households; jobs where the employee’s place of work is outside the premises of the employer’s enterprise (such as outworkers without employment contract); or jobs for which labour regulations are not applied, not enforced, or not complied with for any other reason. The operational criteria for defining informal jobs of employees are to be determined in accordance with national circumstances and data availability.

Employees with stable contracts are those employees who have had, and continue to have, an explicit (written or oral) or implicit contract of employment, or a succession of such contracts, with the same employer on a continuous basis. “On a continuous basis” implies a period of employment, which is longer than a specified minimum determined according to national circumstances. (If interruptions are allowed in this minimum period, their maximum duration should also be determined according to national circumstances.)

An employee is a person who works in a paid employment job. Persons in paid employment jobs are typically remunerated by wages and salaries, but may be paid by commission from sales, or through piece rates, bonuses or in-kind payment such as food, housing or training. Some or all of the tools, capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the incumbent may be owned by others, and the incumbent may work under the direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by, the owner(s) or persons in the owner’s employment.

See Compensation of employees - SNA

Employees’ social contributions are the amounts payable by employees to social security funds and private funded social insurance schemes.

A person who work in an establishment that is totally or partially belonging to him\ her and hires or supervises the work of one or more waged employees. This includes persons operating their projects or contracting companies provided they employ a minimum of one waged employee. Shareholders are not considered employers even if they are working in it.

See Occupational pension plan. Identical term, "Company pension plans"

Employer-liability programmes are usually not pre-financed and benefits are directly paid by the employer to cover social security risks, mostly defined by Labour Codes.

An employer is a person who operates his or her own economic enterprise, or engages independently in a profession or trade and hires one or more employees

Employers’ actual social contributions are the amounts payable by employers for the benefit of their employees to social security funds, insurance enterprises, autonomous pension funds or other institutional units responsible for the administration and management of social insurance schemes.

Employers’ imputed social contributions represent the counterpart to unfunded social benefits (less eventual employees’ social contributions) paid directly by employers to their employees or former employees and other eligible persons without involving an insurance enterprise or autonomous pension fund, and without creating a special fund or segregated reserve for the purpose.

Employers’ imputed social contributions are equal in value to the amount of social contributions that would be needed to secure the de facto entitlements to the social benefits they accumulate; they arise only in cases where social benefits are provided by employers directly to their employees, former employees or dependants out of their own resources without involving an insurance enterprise or autonomous pension fund, and without creating a special fund or segregated reserve for the purpose.

Employers’ social contributions are payments (either actual or imputed) by employers which are intended to secure for their employees the entitlement to social benefits should certain events occur, or certain circumstances exist, that may adversely affect

Employment includes all persons, both employees and self-employed persons, engaged in some productive activity that is undertaken by a resident enterprise.

Employment categories in the air transport enterprise are as follows:
- General administration: includes central and regional management staff (e.g. finance, legal, personnel, etc.) and boards of directors; the management staff of specialist departments (operations and traffic, aircraft, air traffic control, runway and terminal construction and maintenance, emergency services) are excluded but are taken into account in the statistics specific to each of these services;
- Operations and traffic: cabin and ground crews (excluding flight deck staff) and associated central and regional offices, including tourism, advertising and terminal operations;
- Aircraft: flight deck staff, maintenance and inspection staff and associated central and regional offices;
- Airport: air traffic control staff, terminals, runway and other airport facilities construction, maintenance and supervision staff, ground handling staff, emergency services staff;
- Other operations: passenger and freight services, freight shipment services, etc.

Average number of persons working during the given period in an inland waterways transport (IWT) enterprise (inclusive of working owners, partners working regularly in the enterprise and unpaid family workers), as well as persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Average number of persons working during the given period in an oil pipeline transport enterprise and persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Average number of persons working during the given period in a railway enterprise, as well as persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Average number of persons working during the given period in a road transport enterprise (inclusive of working proprietors, partners working regularly in the enterprise and unpaid family workers), as well as persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Number of persons employed at 31 December in a sea transport enterprise (inclusive of working persons employed outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it).

Employment for a port enterprise is categorized as follows:
- Port management and administration staff;
- Pilots and other ship-based staff;
- Dock workers;
- Technical and maintenance personnel;
- Other.