Statistical Terms Glossary

Borrowings in a foreign currency where the rate of interest is linked to an agreed scale.

Notes denominated and paying interest in one currency but whose redemption value is linked to an exchange rate for another currency. Also called Heaven and Hell Bonds.

Loan indexed to the daily variation of the U.S. dollar value of the pool due to exchange rate fluctuation.

A method of portfolio management by buying stocks that compose a well-known index, often the Standard and Poor 500, and sticking with them. Not to be confused with index-linked (i.e. tied to the rate of inflation).

Index-linked securities are financial instruments for which the amounts of the coupon payments (interest) and/or the principal outstanding are linked to a general price index, a specific price index or an exchange rate index.

A variable that can give a measure of the state of the system at any one time, instead of measuring a response directly. For example, declining exports is an indicator that stocks have decreased, even though the stock itself is not measured. in the context of reviewing the effectiveness of a management strategy, an indicator is a variable that shows the present state of a component of the fishery, for example, abundance of valuable sea cucumbers in fishing grounds.

See Biological indicator and Environmental indicator

Is a measure of performance.[1] Such measures are commonly used to help an organization define and evaluate how successful it is, typically in terms of making progress towards its long-term organizational goals[2]. KPIs can be specified by answering the question, "What is really important to different stakeholders?". KPIs may be monitored using Business Intelligence techniques to assess the present state of the business and to assist in prescribing a course of action. The act of monitoring KPIs in real-time is known as business activity monitoring (BAM)

See Sustainable development indicators

Generally, indigenous peoples of a particular country are social groups with an identity that is distinct from the social and cultural identity of the dominant society in that country.

A price or volume comparison between two countries made through a third country. For example, in the case of countries A, B and C, the PPP between A and C is obtained by dividing the PPP between A and B by the PPP between C and B.

An indirect compilation method is one in which a national account data item is obtained indirectly, often through the use of indicators, rather than from direct observation through survey or administrative source.

Indirect control means that a parent unit has control over a sub unit (sub-subsidiary) through one or many other subsidiaries. Indirect control does not require the parent unit to own a majority of an integrated shareholding in the capital share of the sub-subsidiaries.

Discrimination occurring where an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice would put persons of one sex at a particular disadvantage compared with persons of the other sex, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim, and the means for achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary.

Inferring the identity of a population unit within a microdata release other than from direct identification.

Sampling from documents, or some record of the characteristics of a population, rather than the recording of information obtained at first hand from units of the population themselves. For example, it is customary to obtain preliminary information on the results of, say, a national census by analysing a sample of the census forms before the full analysis is undertaken; the population is then subject to indirect sampling.

For the purposes of structural business statistics, indirect taxes can be separated into three groups:

— The first comprises VAT and other deductible taxes directly linked to turnover which are excluded from turnover. These taxes are collected in stages by the enterprise and fully borne by the final purchaser.

— The second group concerns all other taxes and duties linked to products which are either: (1) linked to turnover and not deductible; or (2) taxes on products not linked to turnover. Included here are taxes and duties on imports and taxes on the production, export, sale, transfer, leasing or delivery of goods and services or as a result of their use for own consumption or own capital formation.

— The third group concerns taxes and duties linked to production. These are compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production irrespective of the quantity or the value of goods and services produced or sold.

As traditionally understood, indirect taxes are taxes that supposedly can be passed on, in whole or in part, to other institutional units by increasing the prices of the goods or services sold; however the term “indirect taxes” is not used in SNA93; rather, taxes are specifically identified by their purpose (e.g. taxes on products).

Indirect use benefits do not change the physical characteristics of the environment and are sometimes described as being “non-consumptive”. The amenity benefit of landscape is one example.

The benefit that people derive indirectly from services such as watershed protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation.

Attitudes, stereotypes and cultural norms that underpin gendered practices and may cause gender-based forms of direct violence.

A volume comparison between two countries made by dividing the expenditure ratio by the price ratio.

As a matter of principle, foreign direct investment statistics cover all enterprises in which direct investors have, directly or indirectly, a direct investment interest. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment and the IMF Balance of Payments Compilation Guide describe the scope of enterprises, both directly and indirectly owned, that should be included in the definition. The OECD’s specification of this group of enterprises is referred to as the “Fully Consolidated System” (FCS)

Is an allocation to an individual (a person or a legal entity (e.g., a company)) of a right [privilege] to harvest a certain amount of fish in a certain period of time. It is also often expressed as an individual share of an aggregate quota, or total allowable catch (TAC).