Statistical Terms Glossary

The comprehensive set of international statistical guidelines and recommendations that have been developed by international organizations working with national agencies.

International subcontracting occurs when one firm, the prime manufacturer or contractor (“principal”), contracts with another firm, the subcontractor or “supplier”, for a given production cycle, one or more aspects of production design, processing or manufacture, or construction or maintenance work.

New York-based international swap trade association. It has adopted a code for swap dealing as well a master swap agreements.

Is the eldest organization in the UN family still in existence. It was founded as the International Telegraph Union in Paris on 17 May 1865 and is today the leading United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues, and the global focal point for governments and the private sector in developing networks and services. For nearly 145 years, ITU has coordinated the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promoted international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, worked to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, established the worldwide standards that foster seamless interconnection of a vast range of communications systems and addressed the global challenges of our times, such as mitigating climate change and strengthening cybersecurity.

Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organisation within which governments and the private sector co-ordinate global telecom networks and services. It is the leading publisher of telecommunication technology, regulatory standards information.

Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.

The international tourist industry of a country may be defined as the sum of domestic activities that directly support the consumption of goods and services of foreign tourists in the country.

Any person who travels to a country other than that in which s/he has his/her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from with the country visited, and who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited.

The two main data items used in the concept of international trade are imports and exports.
Imports of goods measures the value of goods that enter the domestic territory of a country irrespective of their final destination.

Exports of goods similarly measures the value of goods which leave the domestic territory of a country, irrespective of whether they have been processed in the domestic territory or not.

Imports (and exports) of services reflect the value of services provided to residents of other countries (or received by residents of the domestic territory)

Originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.

Before the publication of the Trade in Services Manual, the conventional statistical meaning of international trade in services was that described in the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth edition (BPM5), which defines international trade in services as being between residents and non-residents of an economy. This also corresponds very closely to the concept of trade in services in the “rest of the world” account of the 1993 System of National Accounts. Such trade is described in Chapter III of this Manual. This concept of international trade in services combines with the concept of international trade in goods, to form international trade in goods and services in the BPM5 current account. But, it is not always practical to separate trade in goods from trade in services. Services differ from goods in a number of ways, most commonly in the immediacy of the relationship between supplier and consumer. Many services are non-transportable; i.e. they require the physical proximity of supplier and customer, for example, the provision of a hotel service requires that the hotel is where the customer wishes to stay, a cleaning service for a business must be provided at the site of the business, and a haircut requires that both hairstylist and client be present. For international trade in such non-transportable services to take place, either the consumer must go the supplier or the supplier must go to the consumer. International trade agreements concerning services, in particular those embodied in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), make provision for agreement on suppliers moving to the country of the consumer. To reflect this type of trade, the Manual extends the definition of international trade in services to include the value of services provided through foreign affiliates established abroad, described here as Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS). Services are also supplied by individuals located abroad, either as service suppliers themselves or employed by service suppliers including those in the host country. A large part of this type of trade in services is covered by the BPM5 and FATS frameworks.

International Trade Statistics (or ITS) is one of the Data Sources to compile BOP Statistics. ITS measure the quantities and values of goods that add to or subtract from a nation's stock of goods as a result of movement into or out of a country. These data are compiled from forms submitted (by exporters, importers, or their agents) to custom officials or directly to the ITS compiler.

The primary mission of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is the promotion and defence of workers’ rights and interests, through international cooperation between trade unions, global campaigning, and advocacy within the major global institutions. The Programme Document adopted in 2006 at the ITUC founding Congress sets out the Confederation’s overall policy framework, which builds on existing International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and World Confederation of Labour (WCL) policies. The ITUC main areas of activity include: trade union and human rights; economy, society and the workplace; equality and non-discrimination; and international solidarity.

An International transactions reporting system (ITRS) measures individual balance of payments cash transactions passing through the domestic banks and foreign bank accounts of enterprises, and noncash transactions and stock positions. Statistics are compiled from forms submitted by domestic banks to the compilers and from forms submitted by enterprises to the compiler

In the United Nations context when used in the plural, it usually refers to the: (1) International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY);(2) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the World Conservation Union (formerly the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), located in Gland, Switzerland aims to provide knowledge and guidance about conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources

See Red list of threatened animals

International visitors are those whose country of residence is different from the country visited; these international visitors also include nationals residing permanently abroad, who may represent an important segment of the market, with special characteristics

All parts of the sea that are not included in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a country and where “no State” may validly purport to subject any part of them to its sovereignty.

Was established in 1946 under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. The purpose of the Convention is to provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry. The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures laid down in the schedule to the Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world.

A .com or .net domain name that is represented in non-English characters and symbols, with .com and .net appended at the end in English letters. IDN names are encoded in Unicode and display in their native language such as Chinese, Japanese or Korean. When entered into a Web browser or other application for name resolution by the DNS system, the Unicode is converted into ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE), also known as "Punycode." The Punycode is an ASCII representation of the Unicode characters and symbols. An internationalized domain name (IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label that is displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in a language-specific script or alphabet, such as Chinese, Russian or the Latin-based languages with diacritics, such as French. These writing systems are encoded by computers in multi-byte Unicode. Internationalized domain names are stored in the Domain Name System as ASCII strings using Punycode transcription.

Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) is a mechanism defined in 2003 for handling internationalized domain names containing non-ASCII characters. While much of the Domain Name System can technically support non-ASCII characters, applications such as e-mail and web browsers restrict domain names to what can be used as a hostname. Rather than redesigning the existing DNS infrastructure, it was decided that non-ASCII domain names should be converted to a suitable ASCII-based form by web browsers and other user applications; IDNA specifies how this conversion is to be done.

A global system of linked computer networks that allows data communication services such as remote log in, file transfer, electronic mail, bulletin boards and news groups. The Internet is also the foundation for the World Wide Web (WWW).

Designed for use by the operator of an highly trafficked Web site which desires to permit another party to place advertisements on that Web site for the other party’s goods, services or information.

Was a speculative bubble covering roughly 1998–2000 (with a climax on March 10, 2000 with the NASDAQ peaking at 5132.52) during which stock markets in industrialized nations saw their equity value rise rapidly from growth in the more recent Internet sector and related fields. While the latter part was a boom and bust cycle, the Internet boom sometimes is meant to refer to the steady commercial growth of the Internet with the advent of the world wide web as exemplified by the first release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993 and continuing through the 1990s.

Is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is chiefly used by networked computers' operating systems to send error messages—indicating, for instance, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached.