Statistical Terms Glossary

Usually issued in connection with new share issues. Gives the investor the right to purchase further shares at a given price.

...right of employers and workers to associate for any legal purpose, but also to collective agreements, consultations and the solution of labour conflicts.

An IMF program of assistance established in 1990 whereby a member country with long overdue obligations to the IMF, while still in arrears, may accumulate “rights” toward a future disbursement from the IMF on the basis of a sustained performance under an IMF-monitored adjustment program. Countries incurring arrears to the IMF after end-1989 are not eligible for assistance under this program.

Individuals or social groups that have particular entitlements in relation to specific duty-bearers. In general terms, all human beings are rights-holders under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In particular contexts, there are often specific social groups whose human rights are not fully realized, respected or protected. More often than not, these groups tend to include women/girls, ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, migrants and youth, for example. A human rights-based approach does not only recognize that the entitlements of rights-holders needs to be respected, protected and fulfilled, it also considers rights-holders as active agents in the realization of human rights and development – both directly and through organizations representing their interests.

A fisheries management regime in which access to the fishery is contolled by use rights which may include not only the right to fish, but also specify any or all of: how the fishing may be conducted (e.g. the vessel and gear); where they may fish; when they may fish; and how much fish they may catch.

1. a small stream; 2. a small channel, as one formed by soil erosion.; Very small channel in soil surface created by erosion in which the flow is concentrated. These are small enough to be ploughed out but may degrade further into gullies. They can often be found in between crop rows.

A Ringelmann Chart is the series of shaded illustrations used to measure the opacity of air pollution emissions. The chart shades range from light grey to black and serve in the setting and enforcing of emission standards

See United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (United Nations, 1993b)

Risk analysis is the method of evaluating the probability of the adverse effects of a substance, industrial process, technology or natural process

A systematic process for assessing and integrating professional judgements about probable adverse conditions and/or events. The risk assessment process should provide means of organising and integrating professional judgements for development of the work schedule.

Risk assessment (of pollution) refers to the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by the actual or potential presence of and exposure to particular pollutants

Capital invested in high-risk or relatively high-risk securities and enterprises, in expectation of commensurately high returns. It is sometimes used of equities or ordinary stock, the dividend of which varies with the profits earned by the corporation.

In terms of financial stability analysis, among the types of risk exposures faced by a deposit-taker that require monitoring are included credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk, large exposures risk, equity price risk, and real estate price risk.

Is an indicator that estimates the potential for some form of resource degradation using mathematical formulas or models.