Statistical Terms Glossary

Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled.

How one thinks of oneself in terms of attraction to the same sex or members of the other sex, based on one’s own experiences, thoughts and reactions, rather than defining oneself based on the gender or sex of one’s sexual partner(s).

Sexual orientation refers to each person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different sex or the same sex or more than one sex. Basically there are three predominant sexual orientations: towards the same sex (homosexuality), towards the opposite sex (heterosexuality) or towards both sexes (bisexuality).

Sexual rights embrace human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. These include the right of all persons, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, to: the highest attainable standard of health in relation to sexuality, including access to sexual and reproductive health care services; seek, receive and impart information in relation to sexuality; sexuality education; respect for bodily integrity; choice of partner; decide to be sexually active or not; consensual sexual relations; consensual marriage; decide whether or not, and when to have children; and pursue a satisfying, safe and pleasurable sexual life.

Form of sexual exploitation of individuals through the use or threat of force, often occurring in times of armed conflict or belligerent occupation.

A broad concept that includes a range of acts (and settings including but not limited to work and home) in which women and girls can be sexually violated. Examples include all forms of sexual harassment, forced actual or attempted sexual intercourse, unwanted sexual contact, making a person engaged in a sexual act without consent, unwanted sexual comments, sexual molestation and abuse of children, genital mutilation, forced sexual initiation, forced prostitution, trafficking with sexual purposes, among others

Centre that provides specialised services to victims of sexual violence, such as immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution, plus long-term psychological counselling and therapy, support to victims during court proceedings, and other practical help.

We use the term "sexuality", in its broadest sense, to talk about the way in which people test themselves as sexual ‘subjects’, and the ways in which they describe this experience. If the term has been limited before to aspects of formation of the person’s genetic, sexual behaviours, physiological, emotional and psychological expressions, it’s now expanded to include cultural identity, and the symbols and representations related to sex. Thus sexuality has become a domain of both the "private space" and "public space", at the same time. And by virtue of being biologically based, i.e., sex is universal, yet specific to each social and cultural setting. Thus, sexuality is a historical, cultural and social concept, which changes depending on place and time, making it a variable rather than a constant. Hence, the meanings that people attach to their sexual behaviour and expressions related to this dimension are culturally constructed.

Infections transmitted from one person to another during sexual intercourse and possibly other sexual activities. STIs include HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and human papillomavirus (HPV). It is important to note that some STIs can be acquired through non-sexual means, particularly through contact with blood from an infected person, e.g. from mother to child during pregnancy or birth, through the use of contaminated needles or through blood transfusions. The term ‘sexually transmitted infection’ is now used more often than ‘sexually transmitted disease’ because it includes HIV; after becoming infected with HIV, years often pass before a person develops HIV disease (AIDS).

See Underground economy.

See accounting price.

1. A moderate stock market or business recession, usually corrective of an inflationary condition.
2. Any movement in the market prices of securities that forces speculators to sell their holdings.

Is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based e-learning. It defines communications between client side content and a host system called the run-time environment (commonly a function of a learning management system). SCORM also defines how content may be packaged into a transferable ZIP file.

Share representing one part of ownership in a fixed capital investment company.

Share representing one part of ownership in an open-ended investment company (OEIC) with a variable capital (SICAV). Certain companies issue capitalization and distribution shares.

A listing of stocks with their current prices.

Share of total consumption expend International Telecommunication Union re for the poorest and richest 10, 20, and 40 percent of the population on:
Food and Beverages, Clothes, Housing, Water, Electricity, and Gas, Health, and Education

The poorest quintiles’ percentage share of national income or consumption is the share that accrues to the bottom fifth (quintile) of the population.

The share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector is the share of female workers in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector expressed as a percentage of total wage employment in that same sector. The non-agricultural sector includes industry and services. ‘Industry’ includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water. ‘Services’ include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.

The possession of shares of stock in a corporation.

Account of a corporation, in which IFC has a holding and in which the premiums obtained on new shares are deposited.

Prices of common shares of companies traded on national or foreign stock exchanges.

Agreement, under which a company agrees not to sell the stock of another company in which IFC has an interest, until the loan has been reimbursed.

The term "shared fish stocks" is understood by FAO (see, in particular, the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Article 7 (FAO, 2003b)) to include the following: (a) fish resources crossing the EEZ;  (b) highly migratory species, as set forth in Annex 1 of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UN, 1982), consisting, primarily, of the major tuna species (being highly migratory in nature, the resources are to be found, both within the coastal State EEZ, and the adjacent high seas); (c) all other fish stocks (with the exception of anadromous/catadromous stocks) that are to be found, both within the coastal State EEZ and the adjacent high seas - straddling stocks; (d) fish stocks to be found exclusively in the high seas - discrete high seas fish stocks. Clearly, these categories are not mutually exclusive. One can find many examples of fish stocks that fall into category (b), or category (c), which also fall into category (a).