Statistical Terms Glossary

Defined as all other hard coal not classified as coking coal. Also included are recovered slurries, middlings and other low grade coal products not further classified by type. Coal of this quality is also commonly known as thermal coal.

Locomotive, whether cylinder or turbine driven, in which the source of power is steam irrespective of the type of fuel used.

In the field of debt restructuring, a committee consisting of the lead banks for loans to these countries, involved in organizing and managing the additional financing needed for the country and for negotiating the debt restructuring procedure.

Steganography is data hidden within data. Steganography is an encryption technique that can be used along with cryptography as an extra-secure method in which to protect data.

Organisms that can exist only within a narrow range of salinity.

Securities where the coupon rate decreases by a fixed amount every year.

Bond with different coupon rates of interest for different periods, fixed in advance of the issue.

Securities where the coupon rate increases by a fixed amount every year.

Rate will go up or down as indicated in the terms and conditions of the notes.

A preconceived or oversimplified generalization about an entire group of people without regard for their individual differences. Though often negative, it can also be complimentary. Even positive stereotypes can have a negative impact, however, simply because they involve broad generalizations that ignore individual realities.

British zero coupon bonds, based on gilts.

Expression used as a metaphor to point to a discriminatory employment pattern that keeps workers, mainly women, in the lower ranks of the job scale, with low mobility and invisible barriers to career advancement.

Random; involving a random variable (e.g. a stochastic process). Involving chance or probability (syn: probabilistic)

The approach to index number theory that treats the observed price relatives as if they were a random sample drawn from a defined universe for which the mean can be interpreted as the general rate of inflation. The sample mean provides an estimate of the rate of inflation.

An edit that, if violated, points to an error in the data with a probability of less than one.

See air pocket stock; capital stock (of a corporation); common stock; cumulative preferred stock; dividend stock; equity; growth stock; loan stock; paid-up stock; preferred stock.

1) In theory, a unit stock comprises all the individuals of fish in an area, which are part of the same reproductive process. It is self-contained, with no emigration or immigration of individuals from or to the stock. On practical grounds, however, a fraction of the unit stock is considered a "stock" for management purposes (or a management unit), as long as the results of the assessments and management remain close enough to what they would be on the unit stock. 2) A group of indi-viduals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. Random dispersal and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity can occur. Such a group can be regarded as an entity for management or assessment purposes. Some species form a single stock (e.g. southern bluefin tuna) while others are composed of several stocks (e.g. albacore tuna in the Pacific Ocean comprises separate Northern and Southern stocks). The impact of fishing on a species cannot be determined without knowledge of this stock structure.

The lessening of an ownership share's earnings and assets equity, caused by the issue of more ownership shares without corresponding increases in earnings and assets.

See scrip issue.

Release of fish, sea ranching, fish stocking, in relation also to sport fishing (trout), repopulation of wild animals.

Security that combines features of traditional commodity futures trading with securities trading, using composite stock indexes. Investors can speculate on general market performance or can buy an index future contract to hedge a long position or short position against a decline in value.