Statistical Terms Glossary

Taxes on international transactions consist of taxes on travel abroad, foreign remittances, foreign investments, etc except those payable by producers (such taxes payable by producers are part of taxes on production while those payable by non-producers are part of other current taxes); they are part of “miscellaneous current taxes".

Taxes on lotteries, gambling and betting consist of any taxes, other than taxes on winnings, which are levied on these types of operations; they are typically levied as a percentage of the operator’s turnover.

Taxes on pollution consist of taxes levied on the emission or discharge into the environment of noxious gases, liquids or other harmful substances; they do not include payments made for the collection and disposal of waste or noxious substances by public authorities.

Taxes on production and imports consist of taxes payable on goods and services when they are produced, delivered, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by their producers plus taxes and duties on imports that become payable when goods enter the economic territory by crossing the frontier or when services are delivered to resident units by non-resident units; they also include other taxes on production, which consist mainly of taxes on the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production or on the labour employed, or compensation of employees paid.

Taxes assessed on producers with respect to the production, sale, purchase or use of goods and services, less production subsidies.

Taxes on products, excluding value added tax, import and export taxes, consist of taxes on goods and services that become payable as a result of the production, sale, transfer, leasing or delivery of those goods or services, or as a result of their use for own consumption or own capital formation.

Taxes on specific services consist of all taxes assessed on the payment for specific services such as taxes on transportation, communications, insurance, advertising, hotels or lodging, restaurants, entertainments, gambling and lotteries, sporting events, etc.

Taxes on the income of corporations consist of corporate income taxes, corporate profits taxes, corporate surtaxes, etc

Taxes on the use of fixed assets include taxes levied periodically on the use of vehicles, ships, aircraft or other machinery or equipment used by enterprises for purposes of production, whether such assets are owned or rented

Taxes on winnings from lotteries or gambling are taxes payable on the amounts received by winners

Taxes paid to obtain business and professional licences consist of those taxes paid by enterprises in order to obtain a licence to carry on a particular kind of business or profession; in some circumstances when the payments are not unrequited they should be treated as payments for services rendered.

Taxes resulting from multiple exchange rates consist of implicit taxes resulting from the operation of an official system of multiple exchange rates by the central bank or other official agency

Licensed passenger car for hire with driver without predetermined routes. The method of hire is normally:
- Flagging down on the street;
- Picking up at a designated taxi rank;
- Telephoning or using other electronic means for collection.

Taxon (plural, taxa) is a unit (group) of organisms used in taxonomy

Taxonomy is the classification of fossil and living organisms according to their evolutionary relationships.

Is a social construct used to describe innovative teams. "a cyberteam of self-motivated people with a collective vision, enabled by the Web to collaborate in achieving a common goal by sharing ideas, information, and work."

See Treasury bills.

Teacher aides (International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) 0-4) includes non- professional personnel who support teachers in providing instruction to students. The category includes teachers’ aides and other paraprofessional personnel who are employed on a full-time or part-time basis by an education system. It does not include student teachers or other personnel who do not get paid for their employment

Teacher’s salaries are expressed as statutory salaries, which are scheduled salaries according to official pay scales. The salaries reported are defined as gross salaries (total sum of money that is paid by the employer for the labour supplied) minus the employer’s contribution to social security and pension (according to existing salary scales).
• Starting salaries refer to the average scheduled gross salary per year for a full-time teacher with the minimum training necessary to be fully qualified at the beginning of his or her teaching career.
• Salaries after 15 years of experience refer to the scheduled annual salary of a full-time classroom teacher with the minimum training necessary to be fully qualified and with 15 years’ experience.
• Maximum salaries reported refer to the scheduled maximum annual salary (top of the salary scale) of a full-time classroom teacher with the minimum training to be fully qualified for his or her job.
Salaries are “before tax”, i.e., before deductions for income taxes.

Teacher’s working time refers to the normal working hours of a full-time teacher. According to the formal policy in a given country, working time can refer only to the time directly associated with teaching (and other curricular activities for students such as assignments and tests, but excluding annual examinations); or to time directly associated with teaching and to hours devoted to other activities related to teaching, such as lesson preparation, counselling of students, correction of assignments and tests, professional development, meetings with parents, staff meetings and general school tasks. Working time does not include paid overtime.

Persons employed full-time or part-time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) or who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Teaching / Research assistants (International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) 5-6) includes all students employed on a part-time basis for the primary purpose of assisting in classroom or laboratory instruction or in the conduct of research. Personnel in these positions are typically graduate students who hold such titles as teaching assistant, teaching associate, teaching fellow, research assistant, or equivalent personnel with other titles.

The number of teaching days is the number of teaching weeks minus the days when the school is closed for festivities.

Teaching staff refer to professional personnel directly involved in teaching students, including classroom teachers; special education teachers; and other teachers who work with students as a whole class in a classroom, in small groups in a resource room, or in one-to-one teaching inside or outside a regular classroom. Teaching staff also includes chairpersons of departments whose duties include some amount of teaching, but it does not include non-professional personnel who support teachers in providing instruction to students, such as teachers’ aides and other paraprofessional personnel.

Teaching time is defined as the net contact hours of teaching.
It is calculated on the basis of the annual number of weeks of instruction multiplied by the minimum/maximum number of periods, which a teacher is supposed to spend teaching a class or a group, multiplied by the length of a period in minutes and divided by 60.
Periods of time formally allowed for breaks between lessons or groups of lessons, and days when schools are closed for public holidays and festivities, are excluded. In primary education, however, short breaks that teachers spend with the class are typically included.

The number of teaching weeks is defined as the number of weeks of instruction not counting holiday weeks.

World Bank loan for technical assistance purposes.

Technical barriers to trade refer to technical regulations, minimum standards and certification systems for health, safety and environmental protection and to enhance the availability of information about products, which may result in the erection of technical barriers to trade (TBTs).

Disembodied technical change is the shift in the production function (production frontier) over time. Disembodied technical change is not incorporated in a specific factor of production

Embodied technical change refers to improvements in the design or quality of new capital goods or intermediate inputs