Statistical Terms Glossary

Includes both (a) grants to nationals of aid recipient countries receiving education or training at home or abroad, and
(b) payments to consultants, advisers and similar personnel as well as teachers and administrators serving in recipient countries, (including the cost of associated equipment).
Assistance of this kind provided specifically to facilitate the implementation of a capital project is included indistinguishably among bilateral project and programme expenditures, and not separately identified as technical co-operation in statistics of aggregate flows.

There are two basic types of technical cooperation: (1) free-standing technical cooperation (FTC), which is the provision of resources aimed at the transfer of technical and managerial skills or of technology for the purpose of building up general national capacity without reference to the implementation of any specific investment projects; and (2) investment-related technical cooperation (IRTC), which denotes the provision of technical services required for the implementation of specific investment projects.

The fall in price of a security or commodity because of factors relating to operation of the market and not because of any supply or demand conditions.

It is a statistical technical method used to enhance the comparison of the population by controlling the effect of its age difference. This technical medium may also be used in modifications related to other elements.

Technicians and equivalent staff are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, physical and life sciences, or social sciences and humanities.

Is to make an analysis of structure change in organization, in order to adjust to the impact brought about by technology.

Technological balance of payments corresponds to cross-border technological receipts minus technological payments.

May arise as a result of human intent, negligence or error, or from faulty or failed technological applications.

comprise new products and processes and significant technological changes of products and processes. An innovation has been implemented if it has been introduced on the market (product innovation).

Technological payments and receipts correspond to four types of transactions between countries:
1. Technology transfers (patents, unpatented inventions, licences linked to patents, know-how).
2. Transfers of design (sales, licences, franchises), trademarks and patterns.
3. Provision of technical services (technical and engineering studies, and technical assistance).
4. Provision of industrial R&D.

Refers to the state of knowledge concerning ways of converting resources into outputs.

Registers the commercial transactions related to international technology and know-how transfers. It consists of money paid or received for the use of patents, licences, know-how, trademarks, patterns, designs, technical services (including technical assistance) and for industrial research and development (R&D) carried out abroad, etc. The coverage may vary from country to country and the TBP data should be considered as only partial measures of international technology flows.

Technology transfer is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services. It is closely related to (and may arguably be considered a subset of) Knowledge transfer. Related terms, used almost synonymously, include "technology valorisation" and "technology commercialisation". While conceptually the practice has been utilized for many years (in ancient times, Archimedes was notable for applying science to practical problems), the present-day volume of research, combined with high-profile failures at Xerox PARC and elsewhere, has led to a focus on the process itself.

Aims at harnessing selected new technologies for employment creation and poverty alleviation. It is to act as an umbrella to a host of national and regional programmes designed to promote new technology inputs emphasizing new ICTs, selected biotechnologies and new materials technologies.

An environmental policy measure which prescribes the technologies which are authorized for use (e.g. catalytic converters).

Technopole refers to a center of high-tech manufacturing and information-based quaternary industry. These may be developed by the private sector or by the co-operation or partnership between the public and private sectors. Governments of all levels promote them as a panacea for economies hurt by economic restructuring. Large corporations and small business locate in technopoles. Networking between other firms is important and made possible by technological advances.

Technically, the spread between U.S. Treasury bill futures and Eurodollar futures but commonly used to refer to the spot market yield spread between Treasury bills and LIBOR.

A form of taxation of pension plans whereby contributions are taxed, investment income and capital gains of the pension fund are exempt and benefits are also exempt from personal income taxation.

A telephone card, calling card or phone card for short, is a small plastic card sized and shaped like a credit card, used to pay for telephone services. In most or all cases the card itself is not used, knowledge of the access telephone number to dial and the PIN being sufficient. Standard cards which can be purchased and used without any sort of account facility give a fixed amount of credit and are discarded when used up; others can be topped up, or collect payment in arrears. The system for payment and the way in which the card is used to place a telephone call vary from card to card.

A telecentre is a public place where people can access computers, the Internet, and other digital technologies that enable them to gather information, create, learn, and communicate with others while they develop essential digital skills. While each telecentre is different, their common focus is on the use of digital technologies to support community, economic, educational, and social development—reducing isolation, bridging the digital divide, promoting health issues, creating economic opportunities, and reaching out to youth for example

Capital expenditures are called to invest during the fiscal year in order to acquire tangible assets such as physical facilities and intellectual assets, as well as intangible assets such as computer software and the index is infrastructure investment and includes spending and expansion of facilities to achieve greater efficiency and return on investment.

Authority is mandated to: ensuring adequacy of telecommunications services throughout the UAE; achieving enhancement of services, both in terms of quality and variety; ensuring quality of service and adherence to terms of licenses by licensees; encouraging telecommunications and IT services within the UAE; promoting and enhancing the telecommunications sector within the UAE; promoting and developing the telecommunications sector in the UAE by training, development and the establishment of relevant training institutions; resolving any disputes between the licensed operators; establishing and implementing a regulatory and policy framework; promoting new technologies; ensuring that the UAE becomes the regional ICT hub; developing the country’s human capital; and encouraging research and development

The TRA is an independent body and its duties and powers include: protecting the interests of subscribers and users, and promoting effective and fair competition among established and new licensed operators.
To develop the Kingdom of Bahrain as the region’s most modern communications hub and to facilitate the development of the market. To protect the interests of subscribers and users of telecommunications services and maintain effective and fair competition between established and new entrants to the telecommunications market.

TRA is committed to develop the telecommunications sector in the Sultanate by regulating and maintaining the telecom services, promoting the interest of telecommunications services providers and beneficiaries, and ensuring that consumers receive international standards of telecommunications services, with a reasonable range of choices at reasonable prices.

An independent governmental commission to regulate the performance of the ICT and postal sector, stimulate competition, protect the interests of the beneficiaries, monitor the implementation of quality of service indicators (KPIS) and providing services at affordable prices in order to achieve sustainable growth in all relevant sectors through working within an institutional framework with the stakeholders, relying on highly enthusiastic intellectual capital.

Work at satellite offices or at home using a computer and related equipment that links the telecommuter to the employer’s main office. The telecommuter may be required to spend some time (e.g., 1 or 2 days each week) in the main office.