Statistical Terms Glossary

Process of controlling a (water-borne) disease, parasite or infection by control of the carrier.

Are transmitted by organisms (e.g., insects and arachnids) that carry viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other pathogens.

Is defined as rapeseed oil (canola), soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and palm oil, except in Japan where it excludes sunflower seed oil.

A vehicle running on wheels and intended for use on roads.

Vehicle companies are financial entities created to be holders of securitized assets or assets that have been removed from the balance sheets of corporations or government units as part of the restructuring of these units. Many are organized as trusts or special purpose vehicles created solely to hold specific portfolios of assets or liabilities.

Unit of measurement representing the movement of a road vehicle over one kilometre.
Note: To measure the vehicle-kilometres performed, the distance to be considered is the distance actually run. It includes movements of empty road motor vehicles.

Unit of measurement of traffic representing the movement of an individual inland waterways transport (IWT) vessel or convoy over one kilometre.

The vehicles used for transporting people or goods ex. (ambulance, fire, engine, excavator…etc).

The average number of times a measure of money (as captured, for instance, by a monetary aggregate) turns over within a specified period of time. The income velocity of circulation is typically calculated as the ratio of a monetary aggregate to nominal GDP.

Is a type of private equity capital typically provided for early-stage, high-potential, growth companies in the interest of generating a return through an eventual realization event such as an IPO or trade sale of the company. Venture capital investments are generally made as cash in exchange for shares in the invested company. It is typical for venture capital investors to identify and back companies in high technology industries such as biotechnology and ICT (information and communication technology).

Financing which involves a relatively high risk.

Company specializing in providing venture capital finance.

(ITIL) An Activity that ensures a new or changed IT Service, Process, Plan, or other Deliverable is complete, accurate, Reliable and matches its Design Specification.
(CMMI) Confirmation that work products properly reflect the requirements specified for them. In other words, verification ensures that “you built it right.”
(ISACA) Checks that data are entered correctly.

Principal methods to review, audit, or verify the accuracy of the disseminated data.

The Activities responsible for ensuring that information in the CMDB is accurate and that all Configuration Items have been identified and recorded in the CMDB. Verification includes routine checks that are part of other Processes. For example, verifying the serial number of a desktop PC when a User logs an Incident. Audit is a periodic, formal check.

An important type of compost and organic fertilizer that contains earthworm cocoons, excreta, beneficial micro-organisms, actinomycetes, plant nutrients, organic matter, enzymes, hormones, etc. .

A Version is used to identify a specific Baseline of a Configuration Item. Versions typically use a naming convention that enables the sequence or date of each Baseline to be identified. For example Payroll Applicaon Version 3 contains updated funconality from Version 2.

The establishment and maintenance of baselines and the identification of changes to baselines that make it possible to return to the previous baseline. In some contexts, an individual work product may have its own baseline and a level of control less than formal configuration control may be sufficient.

The central and innermost part of the vertebral conus.

Drainage technique to control groundwater tables by using vertical drainage pipes and pumps.

Vertical integration describes the ownership or control by a firm of different stages of the production process, e.g., petroleum refining firms owning "downstream" the terminal storage and retail gasoline distribution facilities and "upstream" the crude oil field wells and transportation pipelines.
"Forward" integration refers to the production to distribution stages whereas "backward" integration refers to the production to raw material stages of the operations of a firm.

Is vertically integrated when firms in the fishery engage in multiple levels of the supply chain. For example, a firm that operates and manages fishing vessels, processing plants, and a wholesale distribution operation is considered vertically integrated.

A Vertical merger is a merger between firms operating at different stages of production, e.g., from raw materials to finished products to distribution. An example would be a steel manufacturer merging with an iron ore producer.

Vertical restraints (or restrictions) refers to certain types of practices by manufacturers or suppliers relating to the resale of their products. The usual practices adopted in this regard are resale price maintenance (RPM), exclusive dealing and exclusive territory or geographic market restrictions. Under exclusive dealing and/or exclusive territory, a single distributor is the only one who obtains the rights from a manufacturer to market the product.

Options strategy that involves purchasing an option at one striking price while simultaneously selling another at the next higher or lower striking price.