Gender-related consideration of the WHO Gender Analysis Matrix. Factors related to gender norms, roles and relations that may result in gender inequality.
The process by which girls and boys learn what roles are assigned to them.
Advocated chiefly by the World Bank, smart economics is an approach to define gender equality as an integral part of economic development and aims to spur development through investing more efficiently in women and girls. It stresses that the gap between men and women in human capital, economic opportunities and voice/agency is a chief obstacle in achieving more efficient development. The Bank proclaimed that investing in women “speeds economic development by raising productivity and promoting the more efficient use of resources; it produces significant social returns, improving child survival and reducing fertility, and it has considerable intergenerational pay-offs.” Under smart economics, falls the ‘business case’ for gender equality and the empowerment of women, by businesses and enterprises which are interested in contributing to social good. A good example is the “Girl Effect initiative” of the Nike Foundation.
This is the most common act of physical violence identified in intimate partner violence (IPV) research, followed by being struck with a fist.
Consists of a person living alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multi-person household.
The share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector is the share of female workers in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector expressed as a percentage of total wage employment in that same sector. The non-agricultural sector includes industry and services. ‘Industry’ includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water. ‘Services’ include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
The poorest quintiles’ percentage share of national income or consumption is the share that accrues to the bottom fifth (quintile) of the population.
Infections transmitted from one person to another during sexual intercourse and possibly other sexual activities. STIs include HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and human papillomavirus (HPV). It is important to note that some STIs can be acquired through non-sexual means, particularly through contact with blood from an infected person, e.g. from mother to child during pregnancy or birth, through the use of contaminated needles or through blood transfusions. The term ‘sexually transmitted infection’ is now used more often than ‘sexually transmitted disease’ because it includes HIV; after becoming infected with HIV, years often pass before a person develops HIV disease (AIDS).
We use the term "sexuality", in its broadest sense, to talk about the way in which people test themselves as sexual ‘subjects’, and the ways in which they describe this experience. If the term has been limited before to aspects of formation of the person’s genetic, sexual behaviours, physiological, emotional and psychological expressions, it’s now expanded to include cultural identity, and the symbols and representations related to sex. Thus sexuality has become a domain of both the "private space" and "public space", at the same time. And by virtue of being biologically based, i.e., sex is universal, yet specific to each social and cultural setting. Thus, sexuality is a historical, cultural and social concept, which changes depending on place and time, making it a variable rather than a constant. Hence, the meanings that people attach to their sexual behaviour and expressions related to this dimension are culturally constructed.
Centre that provides specialised services to victims of sexual violence, such as immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution, plus long-term psychological counselling and therapy, support to victims during court proceedings, and other practical help.
