Technicians and equivalent staff are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, physical and life sciences, or social sciences and humanities.

Taxes assessed on producers with respect to the production, sale, purchase or use of goods and services, less production subsidies.

In the European Union, a target price is fixed annually by the Council of Ministers for products of standard quality. It is not a guaranteed price but rather serves as a policy guideline. In Switzerland, a non-binding target price is set annually for milk to provide market guidance.

Is a price fixed by policy makers in order to determine, directly or indirectly, domestic market or producer prices.

Are limits on acreage, production or marketed quantities of a particular commodity in the context of a supply control programme. Limits on acreage, production or marketed quantities of a particular commodity in the context of a supply control programme.

Any among a wide range of measures designed to affect the level of production or supply, including measures that restrict output directly (such as milk quotas) and those that restrict the use of an input.

The bias that arises when the index number formula used for an output PPI systematically understates average price increases because it does not take into account that producers seeking to maximize revenue from a given technology and inputs may shift production to items with above average relative price increases.

The replacement of products by substitutes, typically in response to changes in relative prices. Rational utility-maximizing consumers, as price takers, typically react to changes in relative prices by reducing, at least marginally, their consumption of goods and services that have become relatively dearer and increasing their consumption of substitutes that have become relatively cheaper. Substitution results in a negative correlation between the quantity and price relatives.

A product whose characteristics are similar to those of another product and that can be used to meet the same kinds of consumer needs or wants.

Substantial equivalence is a concept, first described in an OECD publication in 1993, which stresses than an assessment of a novel food, in particular one that is genetically modified, should demonstrate that the food is as safe as its traditional counterpart.