Second SDG 16 Conference: future of governance

The conference emphasized that governments are entering a new era shaped by artificial intelligence and data-driven transformation. While global power once relied on institutions and military force, it now depends on technology and algorithms. Public sectors must adapt by digitizing operations, redefining governance, and preparing for rapid change. Lessons from Ukraine and COVID-19 show the need for resilient, digital administrations. Examples on e-government demonstrate how technology can enhance citizen participation, but AI also raises concerns over ethics, transparency, and control. Participants highlighted data as the foundation of modern governance—vital for accountability, evidence-based policy, and economic growth—though many MENA countries face institutional and human capacity challenges. In the Arab region, key forces such as youth expectations, post-oil transitions, and digital sovereignty will shape future governance amid risks of inequality, authoritarian digitalization, and declining trust. Strategic priorities include foresight, agile regulation, digital skills, and regional cooperation. Public–private partnerships can support diversification if paired with transparency and citizen trust. Ultimately, the conference concluded that innovation must strengthen public value and the social contract, ensuring governance remains inclusive, ethical, and resilient in the digital age.