Statistical Terms Glossary

Transfers for which repayment is required. Only loans with maturities of over one year are included in Development Assistance Committee (DAC) statistics. Data on net loans include deductions for repayments of principal (but not payment of interest) on earlier loans. This means that when a loan has been fully repaid, its effect on total net official development assistance (ODA) over the life of the loan is zero.

These replace existing debt by long-term securities. Since debtor countries have traditionally serviced bonds on a preferred basis over syndicated bank loans, bonds have seniority status.

<networking> (LAN) A data communications network which is geographically limited (typically to a 1 km radius) allowing easy interconnection of terminals, microprocessors and computers within adjacent buildings. Ethernet and FDDI are examples of standard LANs. Because the network is known to cover only a small area, optimisations can be made in the network signal protocols that permit data rates up to 100Mb/s.

Local government units are institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes

Is the part of a KAU which corresponds to a local unit. According to the European System of Accounts (ESA) the local KAU is called the establishment in the System of National Accounts (SNA) and ISIC Rev. 3.

See: Establishment

A homogeneous area sharing common labour market characteristics. Cluster analysis is the technique most often used to identify such areas.

The connection between the end-user's premises and the nearest local exchange, multiplexor or concentrator. The local loop is usually in the form of a pair of copper wires, but could also be a fibre-optic cable or a co-axial cable.

Is the regulatory process of allowing multiple telecommunications operators to use connections from the telephone exchange's central office to the customer's premises. The physical wire connection between customer and company is known as a "local loop", and it is owned by the incumbent local exchange carrier (also referred to as the "ILEC," "local exchange," or in the United States either a "Baby Bell" or an Independent telephone company). To increase competition, other providers are granted unbundled access.

The provision of access to both physical ends of the local loop (in some cases access to the local loop is shared between two companies, as when one company provides data services and another voice services over the same local loop).

Mux layer means L4 of the OSI Model "Transport Layer" which one its main operations is Multiplexing port numbers for Applications , as each application has unique port number , so there're source port number and destination port number , this function of Multiplexing exist regardless u use TCP or UDP.

A disclosure control technique for microdata where two (or more) different versions of a variable are used dependent on some other variable. The different versions will have different levels of coding. This will depend on the distribution of the first variable conditional on the second. A typical example occurs where the distribution of a variable is heavily skewed in some geographical areas. In the areas where the distribution is skewed minor categories may be combined to produce a courser variable.

Serves the internal traffics within a locality.