Statistical Terms Glossary

An environmental policy measure which sets a minimum level of performance or maximum level of emissions (e.g. g/km for vehicle emission).

The ratio of deaths of children within one week of birth (early neonatal deaths) plus foetal deaths of minimum gestation period 28 weeks or minimum foetal weight of 1000g, expressed per 1,000 births.

The number of fetal deaths after 28 weeks of pregnancy (late fetal deaths) plus the number of deaths to infants under 7 days of age per 1,000 live births.

Period average exchange rates are the arithmetic average of the reported monthly exchange rates during a given period

A clause in a loan agreement, particularly policy-based lending, which gives the lender the right to determine periodically whether the stated objectives are being met and whether any problems have been encountered. If problems occur, further disbursement may be with held.

Agricultural system developed around cities to take advantage of local markets for high value crops (fruits, vegetables, dairy products, etc).

Crops are divided into temporary and permanent crops. Permanent crops are sown or planted once, and then occupy the land for some years and need not be replanted after each annual harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber.

Crops are divided into temporary and permanent crops. Permanent crops are sown or planted once and then occupy the land for some years and do not need to be replanted after each annual harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber. This category includes flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees and vines, but excludes trees grown for wood or timber.

These are deferred shares issued by mutual societies, which rank beneath ordinary shares (which are more akin to deposits than equity in mutual societies) and all other liabilities (including subordinated debt) in the event of a dissolution of the society. They provide “permanent” capital.

Raised beds that are drill-seeded through a mulch of crop residues.

The amount of moisture present when plants first become permanently wilted; that is, when they wilt and do not regain turgidity unless water is added to the soil.; Condition where the suction force of plant roots can not overcome the tension of 15 atmospheres, and the remaining water is held around the soil particles. In other words, it is the minimum amount of soil moisture required to keep a plant from permanently wilting.

The measure of the flow of water through soil. The ease (or measurable rate) with which gasses, liquids, or plant roots penetrate or pass through a layer of soil or porous media. The capacity or ability of a porous rock, sediment, or soil to allow the movement of water through its pores.

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a component of photochemical smog, injurious to plants at a concentration of more than 0.05 parts per million (p.p.m)

A person, group, or institution that directly inflicts, supports and condones violence or other abuse against a person or a group of persons. Perpetrators are in a position of real or perceived power, decision-making and/or authority and can thus exert control over their victims (UNHCR, 2003).

Bonds that are due for redemption only in the case of the borrower’s liquidation. Usually the terms and conditions provide a call option at a premium. The interest rate can be fixed for the whole maturity or only for an initial period (e.g., 10 years). For each subsequent period the interest is reset as provided in the terms and conditions.

A floating rate note with interest paid on a three-monthly basis but which is renewable every six months, (i.e., it has a floating maturity). In 1985, the French introduced a perpetual floating rate note known as titre subordonné à durée indeterminée (TSDI).

A debt security whose coupon is refixed periodically on a refix date by reference to an independent interest rate index such as three-month LIBOR. Generally, these instruments are issued by financial institutions, particularly banks, and are perpetual so as to replicate equity and qualify as tier-two capital under the Basel capital adequacy requirements. Investor demand for perpetual floating-rate notes has been weak in recent years.

The perpetual inventory method (PIM) produces an estimate of the stock of fixed assets in existence and in the hands of producers by estimating how many of the fixed assets installed as a result of gross fixed capital formation undertaken in previous years have survived to the current period.

The perpetual inventory method (PIM) is a method of constructing estimates of capital stock and consumption of fixed capital from time series of gross fixed capital formation.

It allows an estimate to be made of the stock of fixed assets in existence and in the hands of producers which is generally based on estimating how many of the fixed assets installed as a result of gross fixed capital formation undertaken in previous years have survived to the current period.

A PIM approach is also commonly used in valuing changes in inventories.

Persistence is the length of time that a compound is able to remain in the environment after being introduced into it. Some compounds may persist indefinitely

A person who as result of a transport accident was not killed immediately or not dying within 30 days, but sustained an injury, normally needing medical treatment, excluding attempted suicides.

A person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of a transport accident, excluding suicides.

Persons not classifiable by status include those economically active persons for whom insufficient information is available, and/or who cannot be included in any of the other status-in-employment categories.