Statistical Terms Glossary

See: Pension regulator, Supervisory authority

Regulatory bodies are bodies which regulate or supervise financial corporations; they may be classified as financial or non-financial according to their status

Refers to a specific definition of capital developed by the BCBS and used as the numerator in the BCBS’s capital adequacy ratio. The definition includes, beyond the traditional capital and reserve account items, several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are needed to maintain minimum capital levels.

Regulatory reform is used in the OECD work to refer to changes that improve regulatory quality, that is, enhance the performance, cost-effectiveness, or legal quality of regulations and related government formalities. Reform can mean revision of a single regulation, the scrapping and rebuilding of an entire regulatory regime and its institutions, or improvement of processes for making regulations and managing reform.

A set of measures that assists individuals who experience or are likely to experience disability to achieve and maintain optimal functioning in interaction with their environment.

Loan, credit to support policies to stabilize the economy and reactivate growth, following a period of economic decline caused inter alia by inappropriate policies.

Reimbursements (social security benefits) are repayments (partial or complete) by social security funds of approved expenditures made by households on specified goods or services.

This term "means the customs procedure under which goods which were exported and were in free circulation or were compensating products may be taken into home use free of import duties and taxes, provided that they have not undergone any manufacturing, processing or repairs abroad" (Kyoto Convention, annex B.3, definition (a)).

Export credit agencies may reinsure amounts originally insured by a private sector insurer or commercial bank (some large official agencies are also providing reinsurance for smaller official agencies). For example, a private insurer might keep the commercial risk of a loan on its own books, but seek reinsurance against specific political risks. Also, some export credit agencies may receive reinsurance from their governments or purchase it in the private reinsurance market.

Reinvested earnings and undistributed branch profits comprise direct investors’ shares in proportion to equity held of earnings that foreign subsidiaries and associated enterprises do not distribute as dividends, and earnings that branches and other unincorporated enterprises do not remit to direct investors

Reinvested earnings on direct foreign investment consist of the retained earnings of a direct foreign investment enterprise which are treated as if they were distributed and remitted to foreign direct investors in proportion to their ownership of the equity of the enterprise and then reinvested by them in the enterprise

Issue placed into circulation again after a specific lapse of time.

Related companies are companies that do not have an arm’s-length relationship (e.g., a relationship involving independent, competing interests). This could be due to both companies being part of the same business group or could stem from family or personal ties between officials of two companies.

Related diversification occurs when the firm expands into similar product lines. For example, an automobile manufacturer may engage in production of passenger vehicles and light trucks.

Related enterprises are those where there exists a direct investment relationship. BPM5 defines the direct investment relationship as ownership, by a direct investor resident in one economy, of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power (for an incorporated enterprise) or the equivalent (for an unincorporated enterprise) of an enterprise resident of another economy. Further, direct investment enterprises comprise those entities that are either directly or indirectly owned by the direct investor.

Pension funds that comprises the assets of a limited number of related members who are all in the governing body of the pension fund.

A plant or animal linked to another by natural genetic or evolutionary relationship.

It refers to the ratio between the standard error and the estimate value from the data.

Velocity of the variation of the function y(x), relative to the value of y, at the instant x.

Mean velocity of the variation of the function y(x) relative to a value of y, during a certain interval of x.

These are defined as the ratios of specific PPPs to the corresponding overall PPP for GDP. They indicate whether the price level for a given basic heading or aggregate is higher or lower relative to the general price level in the country. They facilitate the comparison of price structures across countries.

Criterion used by IDA to determine eligibility for IDA lending. The guideline currently defines it as per capita income of $790 or below at 1985 prices, though the effective rate (because of scarcity of IDA funds and the availability of commercial lending) has been $570 or below, except for a few very small island economies (e.g. Tonga, Grenada, Dominica).

Planting a second crop in a field before the first has been harvested.